Description: The database collects material from the 1. meeting of the 1. National Peoples Congress in 1954 onwards up to the most recent one. For each meeting 会议 the material is structured into announcements, reports, list of participants and many more. To confine a search to a 类 not listed in the pull down menue, one has to enter for example 图片报道*李 into the 全文检索 slot to search for all photographs with the character 李 in its caption.

Cited Description: NPC Database is a collection of reports, primarily by People’s Daily and People’s Daily Online, on National People’s Congress, from the 1st Session of 1st NPC to the 2nd Session of the 11th NPC. This collection includes: Deputy Lists, Agendas, Conference Updates, Documents and Reports, Resolutions and Statements, Leaders’ Activities, Selected Proposals, Suggestions of the Deputies, News Reports, Pictures, Press Conferences, Important Commentaries, Video Reports, etc. With complete, full-spectrum contents, it’s an authoritative database of NPC agendas, topics, resolutions and related reports. Coverage: from the 1st NPC onward Format: text, photo, video Updated quarterly or in a real time manner

Notes:

Description: The database is divided in 5 parts:
1. Government Policies (国家政策信息)
2. Local Policies (各地政策信息)
3. Speeches of Governors and Ministers (省部长言论)
4. Speeches/Publications of Ministerial/Provincial Officers (各类工作报告资料)
5. National/Provincial/Ministerial Government Annual Statements (外交部发言人言论)
The database is updated monthly.

Cited Description: This database includes archives and publications of the Chinese central government, its ministries and subsidiaries, and regional authorities. The following are the main contents: National Policies (2001- present) Regional Policies (2001- present) Speeches/Publications of Ministerial/Provincial Officers (2004- present) National/Provincial/Ministerial Government Annual Statements (1983- present) Foreign Minister's Spokesperson's Statements & Speeches (1997- present) Foreign Minister's Press Conference (2001- present) With the National People’s Congress and the National Committee of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference as its sources, the database provides official, authoritative research information on the Chinese government and other political issues in China. The database is updated monthly or in a real time manner.

Notes:

Description: The CPPCC Database is a collection of archives and documents of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), including resolutions and statements, pictures, press conferences, important commentaries, representatives lists, agendas, session updates, reports, leaders'; activities, selected proposals and suggestions from representatives, news reports, video reports, etc. The database starts with the first meeting of the first conference in 1949 and also includes the most recent one. The ressource is updated quarterly or in a real time manner.
Searches may be confined to special conference sections, such as the name lists of the participants (组成名单). To confine searches for example to photographs you will have enter 图片报道*王 into the 全文检索 slot to find any 王 named in the caption of a photograph in this ressource.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: This electronic database, published by the Erudition, Beijing, contains the electronic version of the ·Vertitable Records" shilu 實錄 of the Ming and Qing dynasties in full text. The scanned images of the original are also provided. Containing all extant 14 shilu of the Ming and 13 of the Qing dynasty, the database gives access to historical data from 1368 up to about 1912. No
Veritable records comprise accounts of an emperors reign. They were compiled - after the death of the respective emperor - from the daily records (起居註) and from edicts, annoucements and other daily administrative records. Many sections of the Standard histories were compiled on the basis of these veritable records. So they are one step closer to being "real" historical documents. The genre of shilu started much earlier but the only complete set still extant today are those of the Ming and Qing. Shilu are assessed as one of the most important historical source for the study of the Ming and also for the Qing.
Veritable records were not meant for publication but for being kept in the palace. Nevertheless quite some copies of the Ming shilu are extant. The basis for the Ming shilu digitized text and images presented in this database seems to be the facsimile reproduction published 1940 under the aegis of Liang Hongzhang 梁鴻志. The text of the other, and today more standard edition of the Ming shilu published by the Taiwan Academia Sinica in the late 1960ies, is part of the Scripta Sinica database, also available via CrossAsia.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The currently subscribed section of this database gives access to a set of 1000 chronicles (年谱). The complete database consists of altogether 10,000 documents and further assembles 8,000 family genealogies (家谱) and 600 diaries (日谱) from the Song-Yuan dynasties up to early 20th century.
The interface is similar to that of the Chinese Ancient Books (Jiben guji ku 基本古籍库) and digitized text and scanned images of the transcribed original are both provided.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: This database contains archives and publications of the Communist Party since its establishment in 1921. It consists of four sections:
1. Leaders’ Activities (领导人活动) listing the members of the Standing Committees of the Political Bureau from the 15th CPC Central Committee onwards, providing portraits, a short biography and collecting published reports of their activities, speeches etc. The material often derives from the People's daily.
2. Communist Party of China (CPC) Archives and Important Documents (中共历次全会文献信息) starting from the 1. Communist Party's National Congress in 1921 up to the most recent one. The different pleanry sessions and sections may be searched separetely. By choosing 图片报道 from the pull down menue it is possible to confine ones search to the captions of a photograph.
3. Documents of the Communist Party of China (CPC) National Congress (中国共产党重要文献) containing the collected writings of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Ren Bishi, Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yunwen, the 中国共产党重要文件选集 in 18 vol. and the 建国以来重要文献选编 in 20 vol., as well as the document collections that are published since the 1980ies (the 新时期) by the 中央文献研究室.
4. Major Events and Important Figures of Communist Party of China (中国共产党重要事件、人物) containing photographs and short biographies of leaders and important members of the CPC as well main as a year by year history of the CPC from 1921 up to 1939 and a selection of 20 main incidents in the history of the party.
The database is updated monthly.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The database offers to access to Chinese laws in English translation as well as some hundred case studies, texts of international collective agreements and WTO-documents. Additionally, there are always up-date-news on Chinese legislation, TOCs of official gazettes and learned journals. Searches can be performed either in Enlish or in Chinese. The results may be displayed in both, English and Chinese. Please note that LawInfoChina is not the English version of Chinalawinfo.com. The earliest documents date from the late 1950ies. The ressource is constantly updated. In case you are not able to see the full texts, please make sure you are logged in correctly. In the upper left corner the text "Welcome spk-berlin" should appear. If not press IP-Logon. If this also does not work, please inform us. You may also try the "old" platform: http://erf.sbb.spk-berlin.de/han/lawinfochinaenglisch/.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The records collected in 'CiNii articles' come from various sources and in some cases the database navigates the user to the original source of the record in order to provide the full text of the article. The database offers access to full texts for about one forth of the records. 'CiNii articles' contains an article, an author and a full text search. Via the link "CiNii Journal with full text Directory" it is possible to browse the table of contents of the respective journals.

Cited Description: CiNii (Scholarly and Academic Information Navigator, pronounced like "sigh-knee") is a database service that enables searching of information on academic articles published in academic society journals or university research bulletins, or articles included in the National Diet Library's Japanese Periodicals Index Database.

Notes:

Description: The Database is accessible via the CNKI Knowledge Resource Integrated Database as well.

Cited Description: The database is the largest and continuously updated Chinese journaldatabase in the world, focuses on academy, technology, policy guidance,popular science and education journals and covers science, engineeringtechnology, agriculture, philosophy, medicine, humanities and socialsciences, etc. It has collected 10,261 China academic journals, and the full-text paper amount has reached to 56,726,517.
Series and Subjects: The product comprises 10 series, which areScience/Technology/Engineering A (Mathematics, Physics, Mechanics,Astronomy, Geology and biology), Science/Technology/Engineering B(Chemistry, Chemistry Industry, Metallurgy Industry, EnvironmentalScience and Mining Engineering), Science/Technology/Engineering C(Mechanics, Aeronautics, Traffic, Hydraulic, Architecture and Energy),Agriculture, Medicine/Hygiene, Literature/History/Philosophy,Politics/Military/Law, Education/Social Science, Electronics/Information Technology, Economics and Management. The 10 series are further divided into 168 subjects of databases.
Year Coverage: 1951 onward, some journals date back to the first issue.

Notes: Please also refer to the CNKI video explaining how to make best use of the CNKI platform: CNKI Video(18 min)

Description: The database Online Contents - SSG East and Southeast Asia provides access to articles from over 255 periodicals beginning with the year of publication 1993 in the field of East Asian studiesis a selection of bibliographic data from the Swets database Online Contents which is supplemented weekly by additional data provided by a number of German libraries.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The database Online Contents - SSG Asia and North Africa is a selection of bibliographic data from the Swets database Online Contents which is enhanced regularly by additional data provided by the participating libraries

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: TEPS is an on-line database offering the largest collection of full-text Taiwanese periodicals around the world. Currently TEPS contains articles of more than 900 Taiwanese periodicals of different subjects. The quantity is continually increasing.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: This database offers access to bibliographic information from the Shanghai tushuguan on Chinese periodicals from 1857-2006. The subscription has not been extended, because CAJ will offer most journals included up to the just published issue. Via the same interface the "full texts" of the 晚清期刊、民国时期期刊 (1833-1949) database of the same provider resp. the ShangTu are available.

Cited Description:

Notes: If you need anything you find in here, please order the article through Blauer Leihverkehr of the East Asia Department of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin.

Description: The database contains 146.000 documents from 1949 onwards. Covered are state and local laws and regulations. If you have problems accessing the full texts, please check if you are correctly logged in. The text "spk-berlin：您已登录成功，欢迎使用！(IP)" should appear in upper left corner. If not please press the "IP logon" button (repeatetly) until you are logged in. If this method does not work, please inform us. In urgent cases you may also try the "old" platform: http://erf.sbb.spk-berlin.de/han/lawinfochinachinesisch.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: Newest features of Guoxue baodian are that results are not only shown in simplified but also in traditional Chinese. Search is now also possible in traditional characters. Additionally, the database is searchable by dynasties and different search parameters can be combined (keyword / dynasty e.g.). An associative search function for subject headings is also available. 1.000 titles have been added to the database, and as a new part of Guoxoe baodian a database of more than 50.000 poems of all epochs has been added. Another strength of the database is the great amount of brush notes 笔记 and theatre pieces and novels (白话 and 文言). By 2012 the database collects more than 4000 titles. Vor each title a short description is given.
A number of (quick help) reference works are implemented. Moreover a collection of pictures, illustrations, paitings etc. has been added (超清图库). This has to be searched separately.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: WHOPLUS is a searchable database of about 600,000 Japanese and international historical and contemporary figures (as of July 2018). Nichigai WHOPLUS is divided into two files: WHO and Jinbutsu odan file (人物ファイル横断, lit. Figures Cross-reference). WHO provides a full text search with the detailed search options while Jinbutsu odan file searches name headings and full text. The setting when entering the database is the Jinbutsu odan file that comprises all data.
Please note, that access to WhoPlus through CrossAsia is a terminal connection. Java runtime 1.5 is needed!

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: Wenshi ziliao is a fulltext database providing material from Chinese provinces and districts of the time of the Republic of China (1911-1949) and the People's Republic up to 2006. This material collected from 1960 onwards is hardly indexed in common bibliographies.
Please note, that this access to Wenshi ziliao through CrossAsia is a terminal connection. Java runtime 1.5 is needed! Read the requirements.
There is an alternative access to the same material entering from the Chinamaxx web site via a link below the categories list.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: A manual is available from the website of the provider Digital Heritage Publishing: http://www.sikuquanshu.com Please note, that access to Siku Quanshu through CrossAsia is a terminal connection. As only a limited number of users can access the database at the same time, please log out from the database (登出) after you have finished your research, so that your "seat" is free for the next user.

Cited Description: This electronic database, published by the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Digital Heritage Publishing Ltd., contains on at least 183 CD-ROMs the complete contents, in full text and image, of the 3460+ titles of the Wenyuange edition of the Siku quanshu (1782) plus a few other useful tools. The total content is a staggering 800 million characters, and is arranged under almost 2 million piece titles. Some of the titles contained in the Si ku quan shu are themselves large compilations, such as the QuanTangshi, Zizhi tongjian, XuZi zhi tongjian changbian, Wenxuan, Peiwen yunfu, Taiping yulan, the 25 Histories. One should realize, however, that the Siku quanshu editions are not always the best ones available, nor are they always complete: as is well known, its compilation involved censorship. The Electronic Siku quanshu ("e-SKQS") is useful not only for searching, but also for studying: it has linked dictionaries.

Notes: http://erf.sbb.spk-berlin.de/han/SikuQuanshu

Description: Access to the collection of 141 subscribed Apabi yearbooks. The yearbooks mostly come from the subject class 国情地情综合 (General situation of the Land and the Nation) or from economy related fields. The yearbook series only cover the years up to 2010. For newer yearbooks please refer to the CNKI yearbooks and statistial yearbooks databases.
The database platform offers fulltext search and subject browsing and, as advanced search, the possibility to confine ones search for example to "statistical data" or "pictures". When clicking a thumbnail image from the hitlist, the yearbook title opens with bibliographical data and a table of content for navigation, which opens only the respective part of the volume. This view allows right-mouse-clicks for saving the image and the option for printing the page. For some tables a link to a html-version of the page is offered beneath the image. As for the other books in the new Apabi platform a 翻阅原书 option is offered. This opens the book in a special viewer, which allows to see and page through the book as whole, use an embedded OCR and search the book. No printing or downloading option is offered.
The Apabi yearbook titles are also searchable via the EAD online catalogue (crossasia.stabikat.de). The Yearbook database is now integrated into the Apabi Digital Library platform. To access the "old" (but already web-based) version of the ressource follow this LINK.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: This project answers the need for clear, intelligible and informative English-language sources relating to China and the West, 1793-1980, which can be used in the classroom or in course packs.

It is also ideal for independent projects on almost any aspect of Chinese history during the two centuries of monumental social and political upheaval that ultimately recreated China into a modern power. It comprises:

A large body of maps, colour paintings, photographs and drawings depicting people, places, customs and events that will enliven any study of China.

Substantial papers of key individuals involved in the Chinese Maritime Customs service from ECM and CAV Bowra to Robert Hart and Frederick Maze.

Records of major diplomatic missions to China ranging from the late 18th and early 19th century missions of Macartney and Amherst to those of Nixon and Heath in the 20th century.

Papers of missionaries active in all regions of China from Canton and Macao to Shanghai and Peking.

Extensive, fully searchable run of the Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal (1867-1941) and North China Mission resp and North China Shantung Mission quarterly paper (1893-1936)

Recently opened files from the National Archives at Kew relating to the thawing of relations with China in the 1970s.

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: Edward S Morse (1838-1925) was a great polymath – notable for his work in natural history, ethnography and art history – but, perhaps most famous for his work in bringing Japan and the West closer together.

He was one of the first Americans to live in Japan – teaching science at the Imperial University of Tokyo – and he devoted much of his life to the task of documenting life in Japan before it was transformed by Western modernization. In addition to preserving the household records of a samurai family and many accounts of the tea ceremony, Morse made notes on subjects as diverse as shop signs, fireworks, hairpins, agricultural tools, artists’ studios, music, games, printing, carpentry, the Ainu, gardens, household construction, art and architecture.

An accomplished draughtsman, his pencil and ink drawings, enliven his diaries and correspondence and make his papers a pleasure to read. The papers include:

His original Japan diaries, which run to over 3,000 pages and contain over 1,300 sketches

Journals of visits to England, France and Germany in the 1880s showing the interest of Europeans in gaining authentic insights into ordinary life in Japan and China.

Correspondence including exchanges with Alexander and Louis Agassiz, William Sturgis Bigelow, Charles Darwin, Ernest Fenollosa, Yukichi Fukuzawa, Isabella Stewart Gardner, John M Gould, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Ernest Ingersoll, Hiroyuki Kato, Percival Lowell, The Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Charles Eliot Norton, Frederick Putnam, Hideo Takamine, Seiichi Tejima, Charles Townsend, Charles Weld and Yu Kil-chun.

Scrapbooks with a wealth of rare and ephemeral material on a myriad of subjects.

Records of his publications and lectures revealing his interests in archaeology, art, astronomy, ethnology, religion and zoology, as well as his desire to encourage an American audience to appreciate Asian society and culture.

Morse was one of the earliest and most important mediators between American and Asian societies. It is fitting that his papers should now enable scholars to explore these links.

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: This new online collection comprises a descriptive, annotated bibliography of 654 early Western books on Imperial China up to 1850, all to be found in the Library of the School of Oriental and African Studies, London. The collection is based on the book Western Books on China published up to 1850 by John Lust. The material is of unique historical interest, containing scrutiny of China by Western societies. The material contains an abundance of observations. The books, in a variety of Western languages, testify to the formidable difficulties encountered by Westerners, who attempted to extend their own familiar historical, linguistic and religious perceptions to the Chinese context.
Please note that you may also use this database in a terminal server session

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: KPM provides more than 100 real-time reports on a daily basis including all the paper articles in 6 newspapers such as Rodong Sinmun and Pyongyang Times as well as articles and treatises in 15 journals including “Economic Research.” KPM also offers news reports by the local journalists of the “Pyongyang Branch of Choson Sinbo.” News on political parties and government offices, news on metropolitan and local areas, in-depth coverage in the economic field, interviews with people in various industries, and so on, can be viewed with site photographs in real time.

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: "ProQuest Dissertations and Theses — Full text is the world's most comprehensive collection of dissertations and theses. The official digital dissertations archive for the Library of Congress and the database of record for graduate research. PQDT — Full Text includes 2.7 million searchable citations to dissertation and theses from around the world from 1861 to the present day together with 1.2 million full text dissertations that are available for download in PDF format. Over 2.1 million titles are available for purchase as printed copies. The database offers full text for most of the dissertations added since 1997 and strong retrospective full text coverage for older graduate works."

Notes:

Description: This web-based fulltext database of the Shitong 十通 provides image/text comparision and all other features of the Sibu congkan 09 Extended Edition. For more details see there. The Shitong, the "Ten Encyclopedic (or General) Histories", assemble ten central historical works, that aimed at covering all of Chinese history. They mainly focus on governmental institutions and their changes in duty or in name, but also assemble a great variety of sources and material under rubrics such as boarders, regional administration, the examination system, law, astronomy, catastrophes, bibliography, plants and animals etc. The genre was initiated by Du You in the late 8th century with his 200 volume work Tongdian and adapted, modified and extended in scope by the famous scholars Zheng Qiao (1106-1162) and Ma Duanlin (1254-1323). These works soon were published together as the "Three tong" 三通. In the 18th century new interest in the genre arouse and six continuations respectively extensions were published. While the first three works relied on an individual scholar, the Qing works were all imperially sponsored and officially published. Each of the later took one of the early works as his model. In 1927 the Qingchao Xu Wenxian tongkao appeared and the full set of "Ten tong" was published by the Commercial Press 1935-1937. The scanned and digitized version presented here is based on this edition. The compilation is structured according to the line of tradition into 3 “dian”, 3 “zhi” and 4 “kao”. For a chronological list of the ten titles, see below. List of the Shitong with title, author, and number of juan: 1 通典. (唐) 杜佑, 200 j. 2 通志. (宋) 郑樵, 200 j. 3 文献通考. (元) 马端临, 348 j. 4 续通典. (清) 嵇璜、刘墉 等, 150 j. 5 续通志. (清) 嵇璜、刘墉 等, 640 j. 6 续文献通考. (清) 张廷玉 250 j. 7 清朝通典.(清) 嵇璜、刘墉 等 100 j. 8 清朝通志.(清) 嵇璜、刘墉 等 126 j. 9 清朝文献通考. (清) 张廷玉 300 j. 10 清朝续文献通考. (近代) 刘锦藻, 400 j.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: This completely web-based database comprises two outstanding and huge publications of the 1920s and 1930ies that assembled hundreds of representative traditional or pre-1912 Chinese books, i.e. the Sibu congkan 四部叢刊 ("Printed Collection of the Four Branches of Literature") and the Sibu beiyao 四部備要 ("Essentials of the Four Branches of Literature"). While the Sibu congkan facsimiled rare and precious editions, the Sibu beiyao focussed on commented and annotated versions of these works and aimed at "correcting" character mistakes of these editions. As the publications were competitors then, they in research today supplement each other. The database allows parallel searches in both collections. While the Sibu congkan part of the database provides scanned images and the transcribed text, the Sibu beiyao part contains the transcribed texts only. No images of the original are provided.
The Sibu congkan contained here is identical with the new "stand-alone" version also provided in CrossAsia (for more information see there).
The Sibu beiyao part of this database follows the basic four-fold structure of the original and is divided into the sections jing "canonical works", shi "history", zi "philosophy/monographs" and ji "literature/collections". To search for a title one has to browse through the structure. No title or author search is implemented yet. A more complete reference of each work is shown at mouse-over. The database provides a full-text search which allows the use of logical operators under "advanced search" (高级检索). Chinese characters can also be entered using a "handwriting input" (手写输入). Contrary to the Sibu congkan part of the database, no comparison of the full-text with the original scans is possible for the Sibu beiyao (so better switch off the "magnifying glass").
There are built-in dictionaries for Chinese characters, biographies, place names and official titles. A "related characters" (关联字) look-up listing variants and old forms etc. is also implemented. To view these characters in the fulltext version, you need to install a special font (HT_CJK+.TTF) provided on the login page of the provider (click 推出 on the db's interface).
The Sibu beiyao was originally published by the Shanghai Zhonghua Publishing House (中华书局) in five collections between 1924 and 1931 assembling 336 titles with altogether 11305 juan. The 2500 traditionally bound volumes were printed using a Song-style lead character set the publishing house had bought from a famous book collector. Asking the scholarly community for help in erasing typesetting errors, they in 1935 published a corrected and punctuated edition bound in Western style in 100 volumes. This edition was reproduced by the Taiwan Zhonghua shuju 1966-1975. The version digitized in this database is the first edition without punctuation.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The Gujin tushu jicheng, compiled by Chen Menglei et al. was published with movable copper type in 1726-28. It is by far the largest leishu that have been printed (6,109 subsections, 852,408 pages.) Under each subsection excerpts from sources from early writings up to the 17th century are gathered, taking a 18th-century standpoint of what has to be included and how.

The Gujin tushu jicheng can be searched as a whole or confined to a specific class or subgroup. Scans of the original pages are also provided (under "版面影像"). The edition shown is the so called 「中華版」 edition printed in 1934 showing the original 1728 copper printed text in reduced size (9 original pages on 1 page, deleting 版心 etc.). The 中華版 is the edition most popular and most commonly referred to.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: Only a small part of the hand-written imperial encyclopaedia from the Ming Dynasty, Yongle dadian, has survived history, some volumes dispersed over the world. The Yongle dadian database makes available the currently known 813 juan as full text and as monochrome facsimile.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The Song huiyao (宋会要) was compiled by a special office during the Song, collecting important documents on institutions, regulations and constitutions etc. It existed only in manuscript form and got lost later. Larger parts of the Song huiyao were copied into the Ming dynasty encyclopaedia Yongle dadian. From there the texts were recovered by Xu Song 徐松 (1781-1848) and compiled into the work digitized in this database, the Song huiyao jigao 宋會要輯稿 (literally "Draft re-compilation of the Important documents of the Song"). Xu Song's work was never printed. 1936 the Beiping tushuguan published a photomechanical reproduction of his manuscript. The database allows comparison of the digitized full text and the scanned images of the original. The database is fully searchable. (The provider's English title of the database is "Song meeting and essential manuscripts")

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: This database supplies bibliographical records of journal articles from the Meiji period to the present. It covers all subjects and also includes regional periodicals.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: Shanghai, published between 3. November 1904 and December 1948.
Contains: 44 juan 卷 (volumes), 819 qi 期 (numbers), 813 ce 册 (books), 3 kinds of zengkan 增刊 (supplements), 46 kinds zhuanhao 专号 and jinianhao 纪念号 (special numbers and commemorative numbers), 22 kinds of zhuanji 专辑and teji 特辑 (special editions).
Published: Monthly, later fortnightly, then monthly again. The period of publication spans the important events and periods of modern Chinese history since 1904, e.g.: the end of the Qing dynasty, Xinhai geming 辛亥革命 (Xinhai Revolution), Wusi yundong 五四运动 (May Fourth Movement [1919]), Kang-Ri zhanzheng 抗日战争 (Anti-Japanese War) Jiefang zhanzheng 解放战争 (War of Liberation).
(Under the editorship of Wang Yunwu 王芸五 [1877-1979], the journal reappeard in Taiwan from July 1967 to 1990. These volumes are not contained in this digitized collection.)
All volumes can be searched under the following headings(full text and scanned originals) :juanqi 卷期 (number), lanmu 栏目 (column), zuozhe作者 (author), andzhuanti 专题 (subject), and furthermore in the five categories quanwen 全文(full text), biaoti 标题(article title), zuozhe 作者 (author), tupian 图片 (picture), andguanggao 广告(advertisement). (N.b.: Non-Chinese/Western personal names are arranged alphabetically and listed under first names.) Originally, 15 columns included topics like: Instructions, Internal Affairs, Military Affairs, Foreign Relations, Education, Industry and Commerce, Literature. In 1911, under editor-in-chief Du Yaquan 杜亚泉, the format was changed to sextodecimo (shiliu kai 十六开), and the issues appeared fortnightly, containing approximately 100.000-200.000 characters. More pictures were included and the diversity of subject matter was enlarged by new columns, such as Latest Politics, Economy, Ideology, Science and Scholarship, Societal Questions; newly added were selected articles in translation. After the May Fourth Movement (1919), editor-in-chief Hu Yuzhi 胡愈之 introduced the modern colloquial language Baihua 白话 and made the publication accessible to a wider audience lacking knowledge in literary classical Chinese. New columns were introduced, such as Time-critical Commentary, New World Currents, The Literary Garden. Dongfang zazhi evolved and finally became an encompassing journal of social sciences with the longest lifespan in China. At the Shanghai yinshuguan, it ranks among the most important publications in the history of the publishing house.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: Access to 700.000 Chinese EBooks of different subjects and from different periods (1900-2009). Full-text search is implemented and also available through Duxiu.
Books are provided in an online reader format (often providing a table of contents to jump to a certain chapter, allows searches within the book and copy-paste of text passages using the "OCR" tool implemented) and also in PDF-format for download (downloaded PDFs are not searchable anymore).

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The database gives access to a collection of national and regional Chinese newspapers from 2007 until 2016. Searches in full text, author, title, time range, picture captions etc., as well as online reading are avaible for the following selection of newspapers:
解放日报, 东方早报, 北京晨报, 中华合作时报, 中国文物报 starting with 2007;
人民日报, 每日新报, 都市快报, 武汉晨报, 三湘都市报, 南方都市报, 三峡都市报, 西海都市报, 兰州鑫报 starting with 12.2009.
To read the latest edition of these newspapers you will often still have to go to the respective web page of the newspaper or to here. With a delay of a few days they will be available and searchable through the database.
Since mid 2011 the Newspaper database has moved to a new platform. The old platform is still accessible here.
Registered CrossAsia users who want to take advantage of the functions provided by the Apabi Reader should use the terminal server connection to China newspapers. Please note, that to do so Java runtime 1.5 is needed! Read the requirements. To read the newspapers the Citrix-server you get connected to will provide an Internet Explorer and the Apabi reader which is necessary to download and read the newspapers. A help files for both platforms are provided.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The database is the digital equivalent of a 16 volume printed collection of stone inscriptions taken from books about (金石志) or containing reproductions of inscriptions (such as 地方志) published up to 1949. Those materials are reproduced in facsimile but there are no rubbings or photographs of the actual inscribed physical object.
A speciality of the database provider Shutong is the use of a special font, that allows them to transcribe traditionel texts with all their character variants. The stone inscription database has moreover included a reference work for people, places and official names as well as for character variants, words and proverbs and allusions, 成语典故.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: This database The „Database of Chinese Classic Ancient Books“ (Zhongguo Jiben Gujiku) is one of the largest digital archives of ancient Chinese prints. It contains nearly 10,000 titles (160,000 juan) of classical works across all dynasties up to the Minguo-period (early 20th century). All texts are provided in full text and image format, allowing for a direct comparison both between digitized text and original text image and in some cases between different editions of the text. Retrieval of the digital text is possible but limited to 200 characters in each step.
All titles of the Jiben guji database are also entered into the EAD online catalogue (crossasia.stabikat.de). Due to the necessary Citrix-environment of the database no direct link from the catalogue entry to the digital book is possible.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The Sibu congkan 四部叢刊 is a collection of 504 authoritative editions of historical monographs (3,134 volumes) published by the Commercial Press in 1919-1936. The titles span Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and include early manuscripts and rare prints. The Sibu congkan was the first collection that used photolithography and thus produced a collection of facsimiles. Aim was to provide better editions than any then-available typeset edition. The electronic Sibu Congkan is based on the Shanghai Hanfen Lou version kept in the Peking University Rare Books Collection. Covering all 3 series published in the year 1922, 1932 and 1936 respectively, it reproduces 232,478 pages and 90 million characters. Each series is categorized into the traditional categories Canonical works (jing 经), History (shi 史), Philosophy/Monographs (zi 子), and Collections/Literature (ji 集). This fully web-based version of the Sibu Congkan is based on the on the "old" CD version, which remains available here: http://erf.sbb.spk-berlin.de/han/sibu.
In addition the new version is supplemented with the editorial notes by Zhang Yuanji 张元济 attached to many of the works. The database is provided with the same features as the "Sibu congkan 09 Extended Version", i.e. fulltext search with logical operators, character, biographical, place name and official title dictionaries and handwriting input of characters.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: YOMIDAS REKISHIKAN, the new database service of The Yomiuri Shimbun, is Japan’s first online database service that allows a user to search or browse through more than 10 million articles carried by the newspaper since its inaugural issue in 1874. Images of news pages from the inaugural issue in 1874 up to 1989 have been recorded. 　All news articles can be found using headlines and key words. Old news articles can be found using words in common use today. About 4.8 million news articles of The Yomiuri Shimbun are available from 1986 onward. About 175,000 articles of The Daily Yomiuri are available from 1989 onward. The three databases mentioned above can be searched using “key words,” such as names of persons, places and events; “fields,” such as politics, economy and culture; and “date” of publication. Note that the search by key word is carried out through “YOMIDAS YOGO JISHO,” a glossary developed by The Yomiuri Shimbun, which enables a user to find a news article with ease. In the personality database there are about 26,000 contemporary persons in many fields who are linked to related news articles. Moreover, the new database is equipped with various functions, including “Imidas 2008 (c) Shueisha,” a glossary of the latest terminology of current affairs compiled by Shueisha Inc.

Notes:

Description: The “Kikuzo II visual for libraries” is the electronic version of Asahi Shimbun. The database covers the articles since the initial number in 1879 until today. The years 1879 until 1989 can be searched as PDF files. For the articles since 1985 a full-text search is provided. The database also includes an archive of historical photographs (approximately 10000 pictures) that were taken in various Asiatic countries between the so called Manchurian incident (1931/32) until the end of the World War II. Furthermore the biographical information of approximately 35.000 contemporary persons can be searched. The online version of the dictionary Chiezou is also included in this database. Also the pictoral magazine Asahi Gurafu (= The Asahi picture news) of the years 1923-1945 can be searched.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: Initiated on imperial order, the Kangxi zidian 康熙字典 (The Imperial Character Dictionary) was first published in 1716 after about five years of compilation. Emperor Kangxi wrote the preface to the dictionary and thus granted the book and the system of 214 radicals the dictionary uses for structuring its content official status. Containing 47.035 entries it remained the most popular and comprehensive Chinese character dictionary up to time Morohashi's Dai kanwa jiten was published in the 1950ies. The database provides radical, stroke count and pinyin/zhuyinzimu indexes. Full text searches are also possible. For each character its modern reading and the Unicode code point are given. The display of the entries can be switched between simplified and traditional characters and scans from the late Qing Wentong edition (文同書局) are provided for comparison. The original pages may also be printed.

Cited Description:

Notes: Please note, that access to the Kangxi zidian through CrossAsia is a terminal connection. Java runtime 1.5 is needed!

Description: The digital library of the Natioanl Library of Korea provides cataloge, contens and fulltext informaion of 22 databases. Databases that can be assessed at the digital library are Antique Book, Official Gazette (1894~1945), Newspaper (Before the Year of 1945), Hundred Pieces of Korean Classics, Korea-Related Data Published in Foreign Language, Data of Single Edition (Before 1996), Doctoral Dissertation of Humanity Science Field etc.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: Chosun Ilbo Archives contains of 370,000 pages by full text PDF, Html that is indexed 2,720,000 articles over all field of social history. Such as under the rule of Japanese imperialism and modern times with Korea's historical archives is offered by full text online service Collection Coverage is from first issue by publication 1920 to current issue Annually 6,000 pages update.

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: Donga Ilbo Archives contains of 360,000 pages by full text PDF, Html that is indexed 2,700,000 articles over all field of social history. Such as under the rule of Japanese imperialism and modern times with Korea's historical archives is offered by full text online service Collection Coverage is from first issue by publication 1920 to current issue Annually 6,000 pages update.

Notes:

Description: JapanKnowledge is a website that offers a large number of reference works. The contents include important dictionaries such as Nihon dai hyakka zensho (=Nipponica) (large general Japanese encyclopedia), Nihon kokugo daijiten (Japanese dictionary), Nihon kokushi daijiten (encyclopedia for Japanese history), Nihon rekishi chimei taikei (historic geographical encyclopedia), Jitsû (character dictionary) and also the "Encyclopedia of Japan". In addtion the dictionaries of current words Imidas and Gendai yôgo no kiso chishiki are included. Also fulltexts of books in the Tôyô bunko series and the collection of classic Japanese literature Shinpen nihon koten bungaku zenshû is to be found.

The database offers a simple and an advanced search. Not only the headings of the dictionary entries can be searched, but also the fulltext of the reference works. The advanced search includes also the option to search only the content of several large dictionaries individually (single version). The third search option is called "bookshelf" and offers a browse function with limited search possibilities. Please note that one content, the Kojiruien, is only available through the "bookshelf" menu. In order to activate the browse display please tick on "Flashで本文表示". When a single record is displayed the Knowledge Searcher function can be used. Please click on the respective button which changes from white to lilac colour. When you highlight a term you want to know more about with the activated Knowledge Searcher function another simple search is carried out automatically and the search result is displayed in a new window.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: Nikkei Telecom 21 is a group of comprehensive business database services offered by Nihon Keizai Shimbun. The service consists of: (1) News: Real-Time Nikkei newswire service (Japanese and English), (2) Full Text Article Search: Nikkei's 4 main newspapers and news (current, Japanese and English), (3) Market and Economic Indicators: Stock Indices, exchange rates, bond pricing and other economic indicators (Japanese), (4) Company Search: Company profiles and financial information (Japanese), (5) Who's Who Search: Personnel information in business (Japanese). Dates covered: Nikkei Japanese news from 1949 to date. Nikkei English news from 1983 to date. The database option "Nihon Keizai Shimbun - Meiji Era to Post World War II" ( 日本経済新聞（明治から戦後まで）) contains full newspaper images from our very first issue, printed in December 1876, until issues published in 1974.

Notes:

Description: The resource contains not only the full set of the English version of the Beijing Review (or Peking Review respectively 北京周报) from its first issue in 1958 on, but also the full sets of its printed German, French, Spanish and Japanese equivalents, i.e. the Beijing Rundschau (Peking Rundschau), the Beijing Information (Pekin Information), the 北京周報 (pekin shuho) and the Beijing Informa (Pekin Informa), which all started in 1963/1964 (with the exception of two Japanese issues in 1957) and stopped being published in paper in 2000. They are now continued in electronic form and only the English version still has a parallel paper version. None of the born-digital versions are currently included in the database. The Chinese version, the Beijing zhoubao, is also NOT included.
The full text of all years and issues of one language contained in the database are searchable at a time; the articles are downloadable as PDF; image captions can be searched separately.
It is moreover possible to easily switch between the different language editions of one specific issue and thus compare them.
Beijing Review is offered via the Sinoperi portal which also offers Qiushi 求实, China Pictorial (人民画报) and People's China (人民中国). Currently CrossAsia has only also subscribed Qiushi. Renmin huabao and Renmin zhongguo can be searched and hit lists showing bibliographical information and the respective text snippet are shown, but no download of fulltext view is possible.

Cited Description: Beijing Review is China's only national news magazine in English. It is published every week in Beijing, by the China International Publishing Group (CIPG), Launched in March 1958, Beijing Review reports and comments on the country's social, political, economic end cultural affairs, policy changes and latest developments. It also offers in-depth analysis on major regional and international events, and provides consulting and information services.
Over the past 50years, Beijing Review has strived to maintain objective and comprehensive reporting, and is regarded highly, both domestically and internationally, for its effort to serve the needs of its readers, with a circulation of over 70,000 per issue Beijing Review is distributed throughout China and in 150 countries and regions worldwide. Its readers include statesmen, business leaders, government officials, company executives, economists, researchers, scholars and white-collar workers, etc.
In addition to the English-language print edition, Beijing Review also publishes online editions in simplified Chinese, English, French, German and Japanese.

Notes:

Description: The "Historical Book Catalogue of China" (中国历代典籍总目) assembles currently more than 2 Million entries of historical Chinese titles from more than 20 different catalogues. Further extensions are planned. The resource collects and structures all information on Chinese historical books contained in the bibliographical chapters of the Standard Histories, private and officially compiled historical bibliographies as well as current and historical library and topical catalogues. The entries can be browsed from different angles of research perspective i.e. bibliographical category (經史子集叢), kind of catalogue (歷史著錄、館藏著錄 …), time the book was composed, time of printing, kind of edition (稿本、活字本、刻本 …) and place owning a copy (中國、美國、日本 …). The information of each edition was analysed and filed into different data fields to allow complex searches (高級檢索) and advanced statistic analysis of the data (數據分析). An extensive help manual is provided (see 關於我們).

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: CHANT offers access to different types of Ancient Chinese texts. It consists of the following databases: oracle bone inscriptions (甲骨文文庫: Jiaguwen database), bronce inscriptions (金文文庫: Jinwen database), texts on bamboo slips or silk (竹簡帛書文庫: Jianbo database), texts dating from Han and Pre-Han periods (先秦兩漢文庫) and from the Six Dynasties (魏晉南北朝文庫). While the first four databases assemble transcriptions and images of excavated text written on the different materials, the latter two only give typed texts.
You will have to install a special font for each of the first four databases.
As a special feature of the database, statistics of the number of different character used in these texts and the frequency of these characters are given.

Cited Description:

Notes: To login to the database please click the 機構用戶登入-button to the right: "for IP users only" (to access the subscribed content you first have to log in with CrossAsia).

Description: The Scripta sinica database is based on an academic selection of traditional titles relevant to Chinese history. The searchable full texts are based on modern philological standard editions, thus interpunctuation is provided.As one of its specialities the database contains a wide range of brushnotes (筆記) and a transcription of the Zhengtong Daozang 正統道藏 and other religious texts (under 子部 : 宗教 and 釋家). The used edition of a text (from which the page number etc. are taken) can be checked using 書目瀏覽). Recently, the editors of Scripta Sinica have started and will continue to add image scans to the text files.They are indicated by the red character [圖] just above therespective text. A click will open the scanned image of the original.Further images will be added only if there is a copy of that particular book in the library of Academia Sinica.

Cited Description: The project for the Scripta Sinica database began in 1984. The first aim of this project was to digitize all documents essential to research in traditional Sinology. Secondly, a full-text database was established for academic research. Until present, Scripta Sinica is the largest Chinese full text database to encompass an enormous breadth of historical materials of this scale. More than 460 titles and 402,000,000 characters of materials pertaining to the traditional Chinese classics have been included in the database and have been categorized with meticulous care. The Scripta Sinica database contains almost all of the important Chinese classics, especially those related to Chinese history. In the future, we will continue with the digitalization of more historical materials, and add new features to the system. We hope to provide scholars, students, and the general public with an excellent full-text database and search engine for the study of Chinese history and culture.

Notes: To enter the database you will have to click the "授權使用"-button at the start page.

Description: While the metadata of the database are also searchable freely on the web (http://archive.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/mctkm2/index.html), the subscribed version gives access to actually view and read all the documents. A special viewer is needed so CrossAsia provides access via a Citrix-connection where the viewer is already installed. To enter the subscribed version of the database please click "授權使用" and enter one of the login and passwords given at the entry page. You also have to enter the random number shown in blue. The database allows simple and advanced searches. In the latter you may also select the document's language. Hits lists can be filtered by time, type of document, issuing authority, issuing person and document language. Clicking a sequence number in your hit list will open the detailed view of the documents metadata, by clicking the document icon of these metadata a file is downloaded and shown in the database viewer. To return to the metadata close the viewer by clicking "結束離開"; to further return to the hit list click "回簡目顯示" in the upper left corner of the screen. The metadata of a document may also contain where and in what printed collection of archive materials the respective document is reproduced (mostly in facsimile). However, the reproduction in the database is made from the original, not the printed facsimile. The following collections are referenced by the database: 《明清檔案》 《明清史料》 《清代官書記臺灣鄭氏亡事》 《內閣大庫書檔舊目》 《清代法制研究》 《明清檔案存真選輯》 A selection of example documents are presented in an online exhibition of the Academia sinica (Archives of the Grand Secretariat); explanations of the different genres of documents and other background information are provided by the Grand Secretariats Archive Project, that also provided the metadata of the database: Grand Secretariat Archive Project). A sister project of the National Palace Museum in Tabei is the 《清代宮中檔奏摺及軍機處檔摺件》. Here again the 索引 is freely available on the web, the 全文影像資料庫 needs a yearly fee and is currently not subscribed by CrossAsia. A short description can be found here. More free recources of NPM in Taiwan are assembled here ( http://www.npm.gov.tw/digital/archives/a01.html) and here ( ( http://npmhost.npm.gov.tw/tts/npmmeta/dblist.htm).

Cited Description: "The archives of the Grand Secretariat currently housed at the Institute were originally kept at the Grand Secretariat Storehouse in the Ch’ing imperial palace. They were removed from the Storehouse when it underwent renovation in 1909. After the overthrow of the Ch’ing, these archives changed hands several times, and were, at one point, even sold to a paper recycling factory. Eventually, the Institute purchased them from Li Sheng-to, a book collector, in1929 thanks to the efforts of Fu Ssu-nien, the Institute’s first director. There are over four thousand Ming(1368-1644) documents and more than three hundred thousand volumes of Ch’ing(1644-1911) archival materials in this collection, including imperial decrees, edicts, memorials, tribute document, examination questions, examination papers, rosters of successful examination candidates, documents from the offices of the Grand Secretariat, documents from the offices for book compilation, and old documents from Mukden. Memorials make up the bulk these documents. The archives contain valuable source materials for institutional, social and economic historians. They record general administrative activities and legal cases, many of which cannot be found in Ch’ing legal compendia."

Notes: To print a document please make screen shots. In most cases it is not possible to directly print from the viewer (which only runs under Windows!). For technical details concerning the Citrix connection, please refer to: Please read the requirements.

Description: The China Online Journals (COJ) database provides full-text access to more then 6000 academic journals published in the PRC since 1998. Up to the end of 2010 over 16 Mio. article are accessible, including those coming from over 2500 core journal. Currently articles newer then 12.2010 can not be accessed. Please refer to the CNKI ressource China Academic Journals (CAJ). Newer journals of COJ remain searchable.

Cited Description: 期刊论文是全文资源。收录自1998年以来国内出版的各类期刊6千余种，其中核心期刊2500余种，论文总数量达1千余万篇，每年约增加200万篇，每周两次更新。

Notes:

Description: The database gives full-text access to juridical material from the foundation of the PRC in 1949 until the present day. By 12.2010 the database included 357.426 items coming from the areas of national, administrational and regional law and regulations, but also contains international treaties as well as conventions, judicial interpretations and analysis of cases etc. The database is updated regularly (see the Wanfang data main page 首页 for latest update and number of current entries).

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: By 1.2011 the resource contained more than 1.2 Mio records in total. The database is updated regularly. The interface is similar to those of the CAJ. CrossAsia currently has subscribed to the sections (F) Literature/History/Philosophy; (G) Politics/Military Affairs/Law; (H) Education & Social Sciences ; (J) Economics & Management.
The focus of the database is on individual papers published in a conference proceeding. Searching for the title of a conference in the field (会议名称) will return a list of all papers published in the respective proceeding. "Conference navigation" allows to search for name of organizing institution only (会议主办单位名称). This brings you to all papers published in their proceedings in chronological order.
Downloadable PDF also do contain one paper only excluding cover, table of contents etc. of the proceeding itself.

Cited Description: "CPCD features conference proceedings from academic institutions, industrial organizations, governmental agencies, and international bodies in China since 1999. As of August 2005, proceedings exceeded 320,000. Approximately 100,000 new proceedings are added annually."

Notes: This resource is also searchable via the CNKI cross database search .

Description: CrossAsia has subscribed to the series Literature/History/Philosophy, Politics/ Military Affairs/Law, Education & Social Sciences and Economics & Management. By 1.2011 the theses provided numbered 449.951 articles. The database is updated on a daily basis. The earliest article are from 1999. To search the theses and dissertations at the same time, you have to use the CNKI Cross DB search search.

Cited Description: "CDMD is the most comprehensive, highest quality database of dissertations and theses in China... Breakdown: 10 Series of databases--Science and Engineering (ABC), Agriculture, Medicine/Hygiene, Literature/History/Philosophy, Economics/Politics/Law, Education/Social Science, Electronics/Information Science. (etc.) Source: Dissertations/theses from 300 doctoral training institutions across China."

Notes: Please also refer to the CNKI video explaining how to make best use of the CNKI platform: CNKI Video(18 min)

Description: This cross database search allows to search the whole spectrum of CNKI databases respectively those subscribed by CrossAsia. You may also use this page as an entry portal to the individual CNKI databases.

Cited Description:

Notes: Please also refer to the CNKI video explaining how to make best use of the CNKI platform: CNKI Video(18 min)

Description: "Digital Culture Art Course" is based on VOD (Video-on-demand) lectures by well-known Korean scholars and specialists. The videos are structured into the eight disciplinary fields archictecture, comics, literature, cultural studies, painting, film science, musicology and philosophy. The resource is a subset of KoreaA2Z. The database is also searchable via the E-Korean Studies portal.

Cited Description:

Notes: The database is also accessible via the E-Korean Studies portal.

Description: The database "KSI e-book" includes about 4,500 books and theses published in South Korea from a wide range of disciplines with a focus on the humanities and social sciences.

Cited Description:

Notes: The database is also accessible via the <i>E-Korean Studies</i> portal.

Description: The "Korean History & Culture Research Database" is a collection of full-texts and images from archaeological excavation reports of historical sites in Korea. The database also contains journals on Korean archaeology as well as research papers, reports, catalogues, and maps related to Korean geography, history, folklore, and architecture.

Cited Description:

Notes: The database is also accessible via the <i>E-Korean Studies</i> portal.

Description:

Cited Description: The database contains 6.000 South Korean academic journals with more than 1 Mio. articles from a wide range of disciplines in searchable full-text. Field covered are Cultural sciences, Language & Literature, Education, Sociology, Business economics, Law & Politics, Nature science, Technology, Medical & Nursing, Agriculture science, Art & physical culture.

Notes: The database is also accessible via the <i> E-Korean studies</i> portal.

Description:

Cited Description: „RISS International is a comprehensive search engine that allows users to
1. Access the full text of 1,030,000 articles from journals published by major Korean scholarly associations and university research institutes, and find information on organizations that subscribe to the full text:
- Full text of 450,000 articles provided by KERIS
- Full text of 580,000 articles provided by commercial vendors
- Journal search and 133,000 records by volume and issue

2. Access to the full text of theses & dissertations:
Free access to the full text of 570,000 theses & dissertations on a complete spectrum of subjects from 160 Korean universities and of 24,000 dissertations authored by Koreans who obtained their doctoral degrees from non-Korean institutions.

3. Search 7.9 million books and non-books (e.g. CD-ROM, Video) in more than 550 Korean university/college/professional libraries.”

In addition KISS can also be searched and accessed via the RISS platform.

Notes:

Description: The focus of the e-article database lies on publications of South Korean academic societies. Currently (12.2010) 390 academic societies make their scholarly journals, technical conference proceedings, research reports, independent publications etc. accessible via this electronic platform. The 561 journals etc. are usually accessible from the first issue of their appearance on. Complex full-text searches are possible and the texts are downloadable as PDF. The database is updated monthly.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The "History Culture Series" is a multi-media content database dedicated to Korean history and culture. It covers subjects such as archeology, Korean history, and art history. Developed for school use by professors, researchers, and museum curators, History Culture Series allows users to store and download texts and photos easily and quickly for use in the classroom. The titles “Stone Age Foragers”, “Bronze and Early Iron Age Archaeology” and "The Story of Goguryoe" are also available in English.

Cited Description:

Notes: The database is also accessible via the <i>E-Korean Studies</i> portal.

Description: The Shenbao-database offers access to the most important historical newspaper in China. Shenbao newspaper was first published in April 30th, 1872 in the Shanghai International Settlement. Under Ernest Major (1841-1908) as editor, Shenbao developed into the first modern newspaper in China and soon became the daily paper most read nationwide.
The database covers the full run of Shenbao, from April 1872 to its cessation in May 1949.
The database makes available searchable full texts and PDF-images of all issues. Advertisements are excluded from the full text. Searches can be confined to an issue or year and also to headings, captions etc.
The "old" version of this database, which provided only PDFs are also still accessible here.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: LawnB is a legal information service that provides an on-line collection of South Korean legal materials including law information, judicial precedent, administration data, laywer and law firm information, etc. It indexes 50 categories such as statues, precedents, commentaries, administrative documents and statistics, academic articles, law journals, law-related news, etc.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The "Analytical System for the Complete Song Poetry" comes as a pair with the Analytical System for the Complete Tang Poetry. The Song poetry collection consists of 254 240 poems of altogether 9204 authors. For each poem the 平仄 structure can be displayed and identical structures searched within the fundus; for each author a short biography is provided which can also be searched separately. The database allows searches for words (using ? as a wild-card for one and * for one or more characters), authors, rhyme and rhythmic structure. Statistics can be calculated for words, phrases, rhymes etc.
A detailed description can be downloaded here: song_help.pdf
The Song database relies on the "QuanSong shi" compiled and published by the Beijing University (北京大学古文献研究所 编:《全宋诗》. 北京大学出版社).

Cited Description: undefined

Notes: undefined

Description: The "Analytical System for the Complete Tang Poetry" comes as a pair with the Analytical System for the Complete Song Poetry. The Tang poetry collection contains 57 592 poems of 3721 authors.
For each poem the 平仄 structure can be displayed and identical structures searched within the fundus; for each author a short biography is provided which can be searched separately. The database can be searched for words (using ? as a wild-card for one and * for one or more characters), authors, rhyme and rhythmic structure. Statistics can be calculated for words, phrases, rhymes etc.
A detailed description for both databases can be downloaded here:tang_help.pdf
The Tang database content mainly follows Peng Dingqiu's "QuanTang shi" edition published by the Zhonghua shuju (清) 彭定求 等编:《全唐诗》. 中华书局, 1-25册).

Cited Description: undefined

Notes: undefined

Description: KoreaA2Z is a knowledge resources for Korean studies integrating full-text databases of primary sources, encyclopdedias, dictionaries and classics. The resource also includes for example the EncyKorea (an updated digital edition of Han’guk Minjok Munhwa Taebaekkwa Sajŏn [한국민족문화대백과사전]), the Chosŏn Wangjo Sillok [朝鮮王朝実録] and 100 different editions of the “History of the Three Kingdoms”. The resource is organized by subject and resource type.

Cited Description:

Notes: The database is also accessible via the <i>E-Korean Studies</i> portal

Description: Qiushi ("Seeking truth") is the main organ of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the PRC. From late 2009 on the journal - or excerpts from the journal - also appears in English. The database gives access to the searchable full text of the English edition. PDF for download are provided. For the original Chinese publication of Qiushi please consult the database "Chinese Academic Journals", where access to the complete set of issues back to 1994 is provided. To read older issues or even the predecessor of Qiushi namely Hongqi 红旗, CrossAsia resp. the East Asia Department of the Berlin State Library currently can only offer "paper". Hongqi (Zsn 11972) was started in 1958 and appeared until 1988 when the name was changed to Qiushi (Zsn 73611).
The search slot of the database provides selection buttons for article, image, and news. "News" searches extracts from Xinhua (starting 2011.9) and actually were not published in Qiushi; "image" search returns articles with paragraphs, where the search term and also have a picture appears. Thus the picture and the search term are in some cases not directly connected; "article" searches the full text content of the Qiushi issues 2009 to the present.
Qiushi is offered via the Sinoperi portal which also offers Beijing Review (北京周报), China Pictorial (人民画报) and People's China (人民中国). Currently CrossAsia has only also subscribed Beijing Review. Renmin huabao and Renmin zhongguo can be searched and hit lists showing bibliographical information and the respective text snippet are shown, but no download of fulltext view is possible.

Cited Description: "By selecting and translating important articles from the Chinese edition of Qiushi Journal and its affiliated publication Red Flag Manuscript, and abstracts of theoretical articles from other important Chinese periodicals, with a total of about 70,000 Chinese characters, the English edition of Qiushi Journal aims to promote the CPC and Chinese exchanges with foreign political parties and countries, and function as a platform for authoritative interpretations of the principles and strategies with which the CPC and the Chinese government run the country, as a top communication channel for publicizing China's development theory, path and model and as an important window for political and academic circles and the people of foreign countries to learn about and study Chinese affairs." (http://www.sinoperi.com/qiushi/Default.aspx)

Notes:

Description: CrossAsia has subscribed to the following series: Literature/History/Philosophy, Politics/Military Affairs/Law, Education & Social Sciences and Economics & Management.
By 1.2011 the doctoral dissertation numbered 36211 items. The database is updated on a daily basis. The earliest items date from 1999. To search the theses and dissertations at the same time, please use the CNKI Cross DB search search.
(for Chinese dissertations and master theses earlier than that please refer to the "Dissertations of China" DB of Wanfang data).

Cited Description: CDMD is the most comprehensive, highest quality database of dissertations and theses in China... Breakdown: 10 Series of databases--Science and Engineering (ABC), Agriculture, Medicine/Hygiene, Literature/History/Philosophy, Economics/Politics/Law, Education/Social Science, Electronics/Information Science. (etc.) Source: Dissertations/theses from 300 doctoral training institutions across China."

Notes: Please also refer to the CNKI video explaining how to make best use of the CNKI platform: CNKI Video(18 min)

Description: The database collects dissertations, masters theses and post-doc papers from PRC universities, graduate schools and research institutes. Starting with the year 1980 up to now (7.2012) about 2,3 Mio qualification works are provided in searchable full text. Facets for degree type, year and keywords allow to drill down hit lists. PDF of the whole texts are provided. Wanfang data itself names his resource the official partner of the 国家法定学位论文收藏机构.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The database includes 632 titles of statistical yearbooks (of which about 150 are constantly updated) with all together 3777 volumes. They cover a wide range of industries and the whole as well as specific regions of the PRC. The earliest included datas go back to 1949. The interface currently allows browsing by industry, region or type of statistical yearbook as well as navigating the yearbooks by title of those most used or most recently updated. Data searches may be performed on the full text or confined to headings.
Hit lists and the direct use of specific yearbook titles both only allow to see parts of the a yearbook. For navigation a box with the table of content of a volume is shown on the left. Offered data formats are PDF and XLS data sheets. The button "View the book online" does NOT work, because for this a special viewer is needed (and this would mean to enclose the database for CrossAsia users into a Citrix environment).
The database further offers to generate analytic reports (Data analysis) comparing index data of specific industries for different regions within a set time frame and to find and download monthly statistics released by the national or regional Statistical Bureaus of China.

Cited Description: "China Statistical Yearbooks Database(CSYD) is a leading database of statistical data in China, which collects all important statistical yearbooks published by Mainland China presses, covering various kinds of census and survey data.
Statistical data in CSYD can quantitatively reflect the trend of national economic and social development in China, including the following industries: national economic accounting, fixed assets investment, population and human resource, livelihood and consumption, enterprises, finance, natural resources, energy and natural environment, politics & law, public administration, farmers & agriculture & rural area, industry, construction and housing, transportation, post and telecommunications, information industry, domestic and international trade, tourism & catering, education, culture and sport, medicine and health care. According to administrative districts and some cross-province districts, local statistical yearbooks in CSYD is classified into 39 districts."

Notes: Important: The new issues of the yearbook are usually published in August/September and cover the respective periods of the previous year within their report period. Since the translation into English takes its time, it is recommended to search for the most recent and up-to-date issues on the Chinese language pages of the "old version" of 中国统计年鉴. To change to the Chinese page, please click on the start page - in the topmost grey bar - on the right side on CHS for simplified Chinese or CHT for traditional Chinese. In the simplified Chinese version, the green banner logo will change its color to blue. It does not suffice to change the settings in the English search screen to Chinese (CN).
Be aware of Login problems: occassionally the site does not recognize our IP immediately. Check if the upper right corner of the database screen shows "staab Logout". If not please "Login" (or first "Logout" and then "Login") and click "IP Login" at the "User login" screen. This should work (see also this JPG). Another way to Login correctly is to go via the CNKI Knowledge Resource Integrated Database.

Description: By 7.2012 the database contained 2415 yearbook titles in altogether 18579 volumes. The included information partly goes back to as early as 1912 (appearing in yearbooks that were published much later!) and also the most recently published yearbooks are included.
The platform allows browsing of yearbooks by industry, region or subject as well as an elaborate interface for searches within all bibliographical and subject fields and also the full text. Searches may be confined to "pictures" but not all picture captions, especially of older yearbooks, do have full text.
No option for paging through a whole book is provided. The different sections of a yearbook can only be viewed and downloaded separately. Download format is PDF.
The yearbooks database is already partly integrated into the larger CNKI "Knowledge Resource Integrated Database", which means, that for an yearbook item the system tries to find similar items within the Chinese Academic Journal, Master theses etc. databases etc. The yearbook database is currently not included into the metasearch of CNKI (metasearch of CNKI ).

Cited Description: China Yearbooks Full-text Database (CYFD) is the largest, continuously updated yearbooks full-text database in China. It collects various types of yearbooks including national, regional, industry, enterprise yearbooks and so on. By the end of 2009, there are about 2000 titles, 12681 volumes of yearbooks and 12 million entries in all in the database.
Content Organization:
1. The database comprises 10 series and the 10 series are further divided into 168 subjects and then 3600 sub-subjects. See the subject navigation on the left. Content Organization:
2. According to industry classification, the yearbooks are classified into 16 industries of geography/ history, politics/ military/ diplomacy, law, economics, finance, construction/ land resource, agriculture, industry, transportation/ post/ telecommunications/ information, domestic and international trade, scientific research achievements, social science research achievements, education, culture/ sport, medicine/ hygiene, character. Content Organization:
3. According to administrative districts, local statistical yearbooks in CYFD is classified into 34 province-level districts. See the district navigation on the left. Content Organization:
The database is updated semi-anually.

Notes: CrossAsia currently has subscribed to the sections (F)Literature/History/Philosophy; (G) Politics/Military Affairs/Law; (H)Education & Social Sciences ; (J) Economics & Management.

Description: The database is a treasure trove for unexpected things. Some materials (as the 万国公报) are digitized from facsimiles, sometimes the bibliographical reference is not correct, at some places links bring you to different issues or even journals. But the ressource has journals missing in the ShangTu ressource (晚清期刊、民国时期期刊).
You may switch between searches for articles (按篇检索) and searches for journals (按刊检索) and further specify the field in which you character appears (author, title etc.). Hit lists are on the article level and a click brings you to the respective page. But the whole issue will be loaded and can thus be comfortly be paged through. The viewer also allows a download in PDF format.

Cited Description:

Notes: If you face problems with loading the site, please also try the following link: Dacheng Old Periodicals.

Description: This collection of Chinese traditional medical books assembles 255 titles with over 1600 volumes. Among them some rare prints and manuscripts. Topics cover the full spectrum of traditional Chinese medicine, i.e. therapy, diagnosis, discourses on prescriptions, surgery, womens disease, internal medicine etc. Scanned images of the originals are provided. Chapter titles and entry headings allow an easy navigation within a book and are searchable. There is no searchable full text of the books. As all other Apabi eBooks, all titles also have a catalogue entry in the East Asia Department's OPAC.

Cited Description: Traditional Chinese medicine is the quintessence of Chinese Culture. Ancient Books of Traditional Chinese Medicine not only bear precious value as culture relic, but are high valuable in academic research and further exploitation. "The database collects more than 200 unique copies and reliable medicine books and over 1600 volumes of ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine, which are the extract of medical experience and a record of medical science over thousands of years."

Notes: The new Apabi platform for eBooks allows access to and searches in all Apabi products via one entry page. It is fully web based, no reader has to be installed. When using Firefox you may have still to click the IP 登录-button!

Description: This collection of Chinese Republican Journals assembles 629 different journal titles with together about 20.000 issues ranging from the earlist issue of the 《小孩月报》in 1876 up to latest issue of the 《当代日报》published 1954. Article titles and authors can be searched, there is no full text available. Clicking an article title brings you to the respective page within the context of the whole issue. On the left hand side provides the table of content of the issue. It is not possible to print or download pages, article or issues. Currently you have to rely on screen shots. As all other Apabi resources, Apabi journal titles will also have a catalogue entry in the EAD OPAC.

Cited Description: "中华民国（1912-1949）是半殖民地半封建社会的终结阶段，是亚洲第一个民主共和国。这一时期中国社会发生了急遽变化，懵懂的中国人不断地反思，不断地与西方文化融合，逐渐形成自由学风，进入百花齐放、百家争鸣的民国文化时期。这时的期刊和报纸，是民国繁盛历史文化的最直接载体。 Apabi民国期刊库所收录的内容包括从1902年出版的《大路报》，到1954年结束发行的《当代日报》，时间跨度52年，内容以政治法律、文化教育、历史地理为主，经济、文学等为辅，是当时历史社会的最真实纪录。"

Notes: The new Apabi platform for eBooks allows access to and searches in all Apabi products via one entry page. It is fully web based, no reader has to be installed. For the reader to load a journal, you will sometimes have to be patient. Try also to "reload" the reader page which sometimes speeds up the process.

Description: This fulltext-database offers access to all issues of the Renmin Ribao from its earliest appearance in 1946 on up to May 2012. (For more recent issues please refer to the Apabi resource "China newspapers full-text database" or "WiseSearch"
You may also use this access: erf.sbb.spk-berlin.de/han/renminica/ which is a terminal connection (see our "Technische Hinweise")
All issues are fulltext searchable and PDFs of the original are provided up to next to last year. For the newest issues please refer to the Apabi Newspaper Portal (http://erf.sbb.spk-berlin.de:80/han/apabinewspaperneu).

The full text page of each article also provides a bibliographical reference to the respective article including a URL. But please be aware that the database is a commercial product, so only people within an IP-range subscribed to the database will be able to successfully use the link. In case you want to provide the CrossAsia-Link (only accessible to registered CrossAsia users) you have to add our proxy-address (http://erf.sbb.spk-berlin.de/han/RenminRibao1/) to the URL named in the reference (for example: rmrb.egreenapple.com:80/detail?record=16&ChannelID=16380&randno=4940&resultid=70).

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The CETD (Chinese Electronic Theses and Dissertations Service) collects dissertations and theses of all main Taiwan universities and research institutions but also some from abroad (a full list is shown under 校院瀏覽. The "service" startet in 2005 with the aim to collect all dissertations and master theses "from both coasts and all four Chinese regions" (兩岸四地) at one plattform. While most of the dissertations are written in Chinese and derive from Taiwanese institutions, the database also provides quite a number written in English. Currently the database allows searches over the titles, abstracts, table of contents, bibliographies, adviser's names etc. of about 114 000 dissertations and theses; about 80 000 of them are accessible as full text PDF (marked in the hits with a text icon). The full text of the PDFs themselves are not searched via the CETD interface, but the PDFs can be searched and printed after download.

Cited Description: 華藝數位股份公司為將於西元2005年11月18日推出國內第一家擁有合法著作權連線下載的「中文電子學位論文服務」 (Chinese Electronic Theses and Dissertation Service；CETD )。CETD成立的目的在於整合國內各大專院校之博碩士論文，提高學位論文的學術傳播能見度，增加學位論文被檢索及引用之機會。目前預計參與此計畫的大專院校已逾10家以上，未來將積極邀請更多會員的加入，塑造台灣自有品牌之整合性博碩士論文資料庫。(2006年07月03日)

學位論文資料庫收錄臺灣大學、淡江大學、中山醫學大學、政治大學、中興大學、台北科技大學、臺北醫學大學、元智大學、高雄醫學大學、中國醫藥大學、臺北藝術大學、長榮大學、清華大學、中原大學、高雄餐旅學院、暨南大學、臺灣師範大學、清雲科技大學、臺北大學、靜宜大學、崑山科技大學、成功大學、虎尾科技大學、香港大學、交通大學、中央大學、中正大學、東華大學、屏東科技大學、臺東大學、臺灣體育大學、臺北教育大學、臺中技術學院、東海大學、輔仁大學、中國文化大學、銘傳大學、朝陽科技大學、真理大學、大同大學、樹德科技大學、慈濟大學、龍華科技大學、台南應用科技大學、中臺科技大學、亞洲大學、澳洲阿德雷德大學的碩博士論文，共計 113993 篇書目資料，全文篇數 78357 篇。 (校院瀏覽説明)

Notes:

Description: Access to the collection of subscribed Apabi E-Books mainly in the field of modern literature. Parallel to the literature collection (电子书) the Apabi eBook collection also contains a selection of Law books, Minguo qikan and Traditional Medicine. Apapbi Yearbooks, Newspapers and Reference books constitute the other collections accessible via the new integrated platform. The new Apabi platform is completely web-based, no Apabi Reader has to be installed.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The collection gives access to about 10.000 official PRC law & regulation books published between 1988 and 2005. The collection is part of the Apabi 电子图书 section and is accessible via their new web-based platform. All titles of this sub-collection can also be found in the EAD electronic catalogue (crossasia.stabikat.de) under EBooks (note: each catalogue has three different links. There two CrossAsia links, starting with ERF). The "ceb-apabi"-link brings you to the "old" Apabi reader version of the platform, the "apabilawneu" to the new web-based platform).

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The interface gives access to the early period of Chinese periodical publishing covering the time from the late Qing up to the end of the Republican period, that is from 1833 to 1949 (please select "modern periodicals" 近代期刊). Divided into two main parts and further subdivided into several batches the database will finally include more the 20,000 journals and more then 15 mio. articles. The material and expertise the project relies on is that of the Shanghai tushuguan and can be seen as a kind of "full text" extension of their Quanguo baokan suoyin 全国报刊索引, available via the same interface. While the first main part on the Late Qing, the 晚清期刊全文数据库 (1833-1911), is already completed, of the second part on the Republican period, 民国时期期刊全文数据库 (1911-1949), the first three batches have appeared, further two batches are expected for 2012.
Currently access to the 302 different journal titles of the Late Qing part and the first three batches of the Republican period part with more than 3500 journal titles are accessible. Further batches will follow.
The search interface allows users to search by article title, author, journal title, date, etc. and to view and download the respective article as scanned image pages embedded in a PDF. Under 期刊导航 (Browse by Journal) a short description of the publication history and content of each subscribed journal is given as well as the possibility to get an overview of the issues published and the articles in each issue. Journals that appear in grey are not accessible resp. not subscribed. On the left hand side browsing via subject category is possible. By choosing 晚清期刊 or 民国时期期刊 from the 数据库 pull down menu one may confine the hit list to the respective database.
What is labeled as 全文 (full text) in the database actually means 'complete text'. There is no searchable full text of the articles themselves.

Cited Description:

Notes: If you need anything you find in here that is not available in full text, please order the article through Blauer Leihverkehr of the East Asia Department of the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin.

Description: The resource gives access to hundreds of newspapers, magazines, government and company informations etc. from Taiwan, Mainland China, Hongkong and Macao and some "other countries".
Via WiseSearch users may search by combined keywords, confine their searches to a specific time range (the maximum time range is 5 years), to headlines or full text as well as to specific sources resp. publication titles selectable under "Search Options" in the lower half of the screen. There also a short "info" of each resource can be found. By double clicking a publication title you may also exclude specific sources.
Hit lists can be further "refined" and/or "filtered by source".
Full texts can be viewed online, downloaded or printed and you may first collect them in a TempFolder and then download the whole package to your local computer.
The current CrossAsia subscription starts with the year 1998 and does not include the image and video package.
A detailed English userguide is provided via the menue on the bottom of the WiseSearch web page. Here you can download a list of all available resources in WiseSearch.
WiseSearch does not allow to view a specific issue of a resource page by page or article by article. You may confine your search to a specific newspaper under "Search options" (for example by chosing "Mainland China > Newspaper > China Daily") and then to a specific year or month. But you still have to enter a keyword and thus may miss an article (search for "and" or "和" by adding quotation marks). Supposing a search for "and" is actually complete, the references of the hits give the publication date (not the number of the issue!) and in most cases also name the column where the article appeared. They do not name the page number.
A click on the resource title in a hit list or an article reference selects all articles of the respective resource but only those of the most recent month.
WiseSearch is mainly meant to provide you with an up to date newsstand of hundreds of Greater Chinas information resources.

Cited Description: "WiseSearch offers the world's largest Chinese and English language database of published information from Greater China. ... WiseSearch is a powerful search engine which allows you to search all news information from hundreds of media sources in Wisers’ high-capacity archive. With our latest search functions and indexing technology, news article search is made more accurate and efficient over the Internet. ... You may input either English or Chinese keyword(s) to retrieve various news archive from our daily updated database built up from over 900 sources (as of Aug 2010). Use alphabetical connectors “and”, “or”, “not”, or symbolic connectors “+”, “/”, “-” to build sophisticated search strings for more targeted results. Check the box “Search with similar words” then bilingual terms (in English, Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese), abbreviations, and acronyms will be automatically added to your keyword search string."

Notes:

Description: The collection gives access to a broad selection of Chinese dictionaries, thesauruses, encyclopedias etc. including 中国大百科全书， 汉语大词典，辞海 and numerous smaller and specialized reference books. Searches can be performed on the fulltext or confined to head entries, and further filtered by kind or subject group of reference book type. Individual titles can be browsed, read and searched individually and scans of the original pages are provided. The 1710 reference book titles of the ressource are also included in our OPAC (crossasia.stabikat.de).
The Apabi reference book collection was moved to the new platform. Content and functions etc. of the ressource has not changed. For those who prefer to use the "old" entry page, please follow this LINK.
Registered CrossAsia users who want to take advantage of the functions provided by the Apabi Reader should use the terminal server connection to China reference books. Please note, that to do so Java runtime 1.5 is needed! Read the requirements. To read the reference books the Citrix-server you get connected to will provide an Internet Explorer and the Apabi reader which is necessary to download and read the newspapers. A help file is provided: http://dlib.apabi.com .

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: This resource in an important addition to the Apabi Reference Books Collection (工具書). CNKI offers an advanced modus for filtering the search hits according to type of dictionary, subject etc. Moreover, a number of important reference works are included here, that are not available in the Apabi collection. The CrossAsia subscription follows the frame set by the "Sondersammelgebiet 6.25". Thus only the fields F, G, H, and J have been subscribed. The same applies to the Yearbooks, Statistical Yearbooks, Proceedings and Master theses and Dissertations. Only in CAJ the CrossAsia subscription covers the whole range of fields.

Cited Description: "CRWO is an authoritative, comprehensive and continuously updated encyclopedia database. It collects 4000 reference works from over 200 China leading publishers, including dictionaries, bilingual dictionaries, thesauruses, cyclopedias, illustrated books, table spectrum, biography, quotations, handbooks ,and so on, covering over 15 million entries and 700 thousand images. The content covers such subjects as philosophy, art, social science, culture, education, natural science, engineering, medicine, which are all written by expert. (...) CRWO is a digitalized integration from traditional reference works, including 10 series and 168 subjects. CRWO provides a powerful full-text searching system, allowing users to obtain all the relevant knowledge information in different books on one platform, thus it is a significant breakthrough in the limit of the traditional searching."

Notes: Currently not all filtering features of the database work properly. The problem is on our side and we are working on it!

Description: The United Daily newspaper 聯合報 is one of the three biggest Taiwanese newspapers. It was established in September 1951, and up to now more than 4,7 mio. issues have been published. Its political orientation is conservative.
United Daily News Group moreover established a number of other newspaper: those are
- the 經濟日報 Economic daily in 1967,
- the more popular paper 民生報 Min Sheng News in 1978,
- the Star News 星報 in 1999,
- the United Night News in 1988 and finally
- in 2007 the Upaper a daily periodical focussing on a young, female and white collar worker readership.
The group also runs two newspapers published in Chinese abroad, i.e.
- the 世界日報 World Journal published in the US and
- the 歐洲日報 Europe Journal, both started in 2000.
The whole run of all named newspapers are accessible via the UDN knowledge base. All newspapers except the Star News and the Min Sheng still exist today.
The system allows full text, title, author etc. searches in a specific paper, in a specific time range asf. and also provides a separate database containing all press pictures of these publications (影像圖庫). When an article contains a photograph, you will find a link labelled 顯示本則新聞照片 on the right hand side. The interface can be switched between traditional and simplified characters.
No images of the original paper are provided, but the correct reference link to an article is given in brackets at the end of each article. Downloads have to be done by copy-paste; to print an article a printer friendly view is offered.
A short English outline of the platform is available here in PDF , a more detailed introduction in Chinese is available here as an PPT.

Cited Description: undefined

Notes: undefined

Description: Wanfang data's New Local Gazetteers database gives access to currently (10.2011) 10.931 titles falling into the greater genre of local monographs published in the PRC since 1949. It contains not only the local gazetteers of the different provinces, districts, counties and cities but also special monographs on, for example, the food industry or traffic administration of a certain area, as well as treatises on regional toponyms or famous persons.
Local gazetteers are mostly officially sponsored and initiated and follow certain compilation rules. But they contain valuable details and accounts on larger and smaller administrative units of the PRC and thus provide important source materials for studying modern and contemporary China.
The database may be searched by region, topic, resource type etc. and also by full text (which was done with OCR). Hit lists may be further drilled down by facets. A PDF of the smallest unit a hit belongs to is provided for reference and download. Together these units amount to more than 3,3 mio. No PDF of the whole title is offered.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: You may browse the periodical by year and issue or search full text with the option of confining your search to a certain issue, year or time range. The hit list shows snippets, when opened the scanned image of the original page is shown in PDF format, the search term is highlighted und you may copy-paste passages of the text. While the database always opens one whole issue, printing and downloading is confined to the page that is currently shown. The downloaded PDF files stays full text searchable. The full text also includes the adversitements etc., but all was done by OCR and obviously was not proof read, so your search will always miss hits.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: Please note that this database will be integrated into the JapanKnowledge website from 1 October 2014! Web版 日本近代文学館 provides a complete archive (PDF) of the journal Taiyô (太陽) which was published by Hakubunkan (博文官) from January Meiji 28 (1895) until February Shôwa 3 (1928) in 34 volumes with 531 issues. It was one of the leading general-interest magazines of the Meiji and Taishô period with articles on a large variety of topics such as politics, society, literature, science, geography, history, art, industry etc. Especially its literary column became of great influence for the promotion of the naturalist movement in Japan. In addition the following three indexes can be searched, however the PDFs of the articles/manuscripts are not available, as they are not included in the licence: The journal Bungei kurabu (文芸倶楽部) published by Hakubunkan (博文官) from January Meiji 28 (1895) until December Taishô 1 (1912) in 18 volumes with 284 issues. A literary journal that also comprises articles on art, fashion and customs. The student journal Daiichi kôtô gakkô kôyûkai zasshi (第一高等学校　校友会雑誌) that was published from November Meiji 23 (1890) until June Shôwa 19 (1944) at the Daiichi kôtô gakkô in Tôkyô which contains many articles on literature and art as well as early literary works of various writers. The archive Takita Choin kyûzô kindai sakka genkôshû (滝田樗陰旧蔵近代作家原稿集) which contains 230 literary works from the collection of Takita Choin, a former publisher of the journal Chûô kôron (中央公論). 209 of these works were later published in Chûô kôron. The biographies of the authors can be accessed.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The database, edited by the 中国社科院边疆史地研究院 （the former 边疆史地中心）, provides access to documents from the large central libraries in China as well as academic institutions from China’s borderland regions relating to the history and geography of these regions. It contains rare local gazetteers, book collections (congshu), rare journals, official reports, archive material, letters, diaries, travel reports, telegrams etc. The all in all 407.364 documents are arranged in the following ten sub databases: 边疆民族资料及研究数据库 边疆界务资料数据库 边疆行政建制资料数据库 边疆民族地区期刊资料数据库 中国边疆方志资料数据库 东北边疆史地文献及研究数据库 北部边疆史地文献及研究数据库 西北边疆史地文献及研究数据库 海疆史地文献及研究数据库 西南边疆史地文献及研究数据库 The database gives access to view all the documents. Full text access is coming soon. The database allows simple and advanced searches.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: This collection assembles 370 volumes of Imperial examinations records stored in and published as print editions by the Tianyige Museum in the years 2006, 2007, and resp. 2010. Among them are 56 volumes of Records of Palace Examinations (登科录) from the years 1371 till 1460, 39 volumes of Records of Metropolitan Examinations (会试录) from the years 1430 till 1580, and 275 volumes of Records of Provincial Examinations (乡试录) from the years 1486 till 1510. Scanned images of the originals are provided. There is no searchable full text of the books. As all other Apabi eBooks, all records will also have a catalogue entry in our OPAC.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The CADAL platform uses "digital lending" as a way to give access to materials that are under copyright protection. So users coming via CrossAsia still also have to also register and later log in individually with the CADAL site. But as CrossAsia and the State Library Berlin are a cooperation partners of Zhejing university and CADAL, users with a CrossAsia or State Library authentification will have access to the whole range of 1.5 mio digital objects offered, including Modern titles (Chinese and some English) and Republican periodicals.
Please use the English page version for registration, because you there find "Germany" and "CrossAsia" as country and institution for you profile.
"Digital lending" means that you in modern and republican books you will from time to time encounter a page with a 借阅 button. CLicking it you will then "borrow" this section. In case someone else has borrowed it, you will have to ask him to "re-borrow" 转借 it to you.
A detailed help file is available on the CADAL webpage resp. here: http://www.cadal.zju.edu.cn/User_manual.htm.

Cited Description: CADAL数字图书馆经过多年建设后，已经拥用各类电子图书150余万册，其中有版权问题的图书超过100万册，包括现代图书、民国图书、学位论文、期刊等。为了充分发挥这些处于版权保护期内的图书资源的社会效益，从模拟实体图书的借阅业务角度出发，工程中心专门设计实现了CADAL数字借阅系统，不仅模拟现实图书的借阅流程，同时参考了现有商业数字图书馆（如超星）以及流行电子书商店Amazon Kindle平台和Apple iBooks平台的数字内容业务流程。另外利用数字图书的易分割性使得借阅数字图书比借阅实体图书更加灵活方便。

Notes:

Description: This database on Japanese law is divided into several parts that offer detailed information and fulltexts concerning law, court decisions, secondary literature on law topics, law journals etc. For descriptions of the contents, please follow this LINK

The database provider has supplied detailed user information, the so called "Quick Guide". Please follow this LINK to obtain the PDF file.

Please do not forget to use the proper "logout button" for closing the database. Otherwise access is not possible for other users until the automatic timeout after 30 minutes.

Contents: LEX/DBインターネット , 的判例集データベース, 新・判例解説Watch, Super 法令Web, 法律文献総合INDEX, 法律関係リンク集, 判例タイムズ , 主要民事判例解説, 冊判例タイムズ, 法学協会雑誌データベース, 国家学会雑誌データベース , 季刊刑事弁護・無罪判例要旨, 金融法務事情 , 法律時報 ／学界回顧 ／判例回顧と展望 , 私法判例リマークス, 法学セミナー ベストセレクション, 法学セミナー ベストセレクション , インターネットコンメンタール, ジュリスト電子版, 論究ジュリスト電子版 , Vpassメイン, Vpass判例百選アーカイブ, Vpass法学教室アーカイブ, Vpass判例六法Professional , 法律用語辞典 , 六法全書電子復刻版

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The NCL platform "Rare Books & Special Collections" (古籍與特藏文獻資源) provides access to the following databases:
"Union Catalogue of Rare Books Database" (中文古籍書目資料庫),
"Rare Book Digital Image Search System" (古籍影像檢索系統),
"Taiwan Family Genealogy Union Catalogue" (台灣地區家譜聯合目錄), and
"Bronze & Stone & Rubbing Database" (金石拓片資料庫).
The "Union Catalog of Rare Books Database" imports metadata of Chinese rare books from libraries all over the world. A list of current data providers and number of titles imported can be accessed here: http://rbook2.ncl.edu.tw/Search/Participate/2.
The large numbers of titles/exemplars result from the fact that not only pre-1912 Chinese books are included, but also facsimile reprints of these books. Unfortunately it is not possible to exclude these facsimiles editions. Moreover, each exemplar of a title has its own database entry. Thus identical editions appear several times.
The "Rare Book Digital Image Search System" provides access to the digital images of NCL and those of selected data providers. Access to the digital images is free, via CrossAsia we can provide a printing function.

Cited Description: In 1998, the NCL published the Taiwan Area Rare Books Union Catalog, providing a record of rare books and general string-bound works in public collections in Taiwan. This publication has been expanded to include rare books in mainland, Hong Kong, Macao, Australian, and other overseas collections. Titled the Chinese Rare Book Catalog, it currently comprises over 630,758 bibliographies.
This database includes rare book bibliographies in Metadata format and presented in several core bibliographic field. Users can search for materials through 14 search values and both traditional and simplified search interfaces. Search results can be presented in detailed or summarized form. Moreover, to provide readers with access to a broader selection of rare books, the database allows for linked searches of rare books in mainland Chinese, Japanese, U.S., and Europe collections.
The database accepts material in CMARC, CNMARC and USMARC formats to facilitate the search, display, uploading, and maintenance of information. In future, the system will be made compatible with international standard metadata bibliographic information export functions to facilitate exchange.

Notes: Click 進階查詢 to access more detailed metadata and the advanced search mode of the platform!

Description: Brill online has started to offer a selection of their printed reference work titles, bibliographies and text & commentaries volumes via an online platform and in searchable full text. Chinese Research Perspectives with all its six thematic volumes (Economy, Education, Environment, Law, Population and Labor, and Society) is one ressource now available via this platform.
Full text searches include all titles currently offered via the platform, but only for subscribed titles a full view is offered. Of all others only snippets from the actual entries are shown.

Cited Description: "The former Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Yearbooks have become part of the Chinese Research Perspectives series. As before the focus is on the six research areas: Economy, Education, Environment, Law, Population and Labor, and Society. The selection of contributions covers developments in China of particular interest to a Western (non-Chinese speaking) audience and occasionally differs from the Chinese-language yearbooks. The selected materials continue to provide Western readers with firsthand insights into the discussions of China’s top scholars on contemporary issues in their country."

Notes:

Description: Maisaku is the online version of the Japanese newspaper Mainichi Shinbun. It consists of several functions:

Simple search: Combined search by keyword and date in the Mainichi Shinbun and the journal Shûkan Ekonomisuto.

Detailed search:
Mainichi Shinbun kiji kensaku: search for articles of the Mainichi Shinbun by keyword and date. For the years 1987-today a real full text search is provided. For the years 1872-1986 only the headings of important articles are indexed. Not all articles are included in the database (e.g. Sumô results, TV programme, cartoons etc. are excluded).

Mainichi Shinbun shimen kensaku: search images of the Mainichi Shinbun by date (1872-1999).

Denshi shukusatsuban: digital version of Mainichi Shinbun (1989-1999) for browsing with flash player.

Shûkan Ekonomisuto kiji kensaku: full text search of the journal Shûkan Ekonomisuto (1989 - heute) by keyword, author and date.

In addition:
Kyô no shinbun: publication of important articles of the respective daily edition (morning and evening edition) in real time

Nyûsu sokuhô: real time news announcements

Mainichi Shinbunsha no shiryô:
Mainichi yoronsâchi: database of opinion polls published in the Mainichi Shinbun (1945-today)

20seiki 2001daijiken: chronicle with pictures of important events of the 20th century, browing by subject or search by keyword or date are possible.

Mainichi Shinbunshashi: digital editon of the history of the publisher Mainichi Shinbunsha, search by keywords possible, also contains a list of the published serialised novels (1882-2001).

The Mainichi: full text search of the English edition The Mainichi (2008-today) by keyword or date

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The "Buddhist Digital Resource Center" - BDRC - (formerly Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center - TBRC) offers a wide range of Tibetan literature from all spheres of life – traditional medicine, astrology, astronomy, alchemy, art, history, geography, biography, grammar, folk culture, poetics, and so on. Most of the works, however, are religious in character as they comprise traditional Tibetan Buddhist scriptures stretching back over a period of more than 1.300 years. At present, the database offers about 4.000 works in more than 10.000 volumes accessible as PDF files representing scans from manuscripts, blockprints, and books or editions published mainly from India and China. The material can be searched by title, author, subjects, places and a number of other aspects (click "Search By" at the top right).
Founded by Gene Smith in 1999, it is the mission of the Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center to preserve, organize and disseminate Tibetan works by using the latest digital technologies in order to ensure that "the treasures of this incredible body of literature will never be lost".
For an introduction to the project and its mission please see here. "

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The database covers articles relating to the fields of politics, economy, society and others published in the Okinawa Times since 1997. It consists mainly of full-text text-only files (no scan of the original article including photographs, diagrams or other graphic elements). PDFs with clippings of the original article are only provided from July 2016 onward. Special issues have also been included.

For some articles on accidents or incidents only the headings have been included. The providing company refers to it as「事件・事故関連の一部など非公開の記事は見出しのみ収録」.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: Project MUSE is a leading provider of digital humanities and social science content for the scholarly community. Since 1995 the MUSE journal collections have supported a wide array of research needs at academic, public, special, and school libraries worldwide. MUSE is the trusted source of complete, full-text versions of scholarly journals from many of the world's leading university presses and scholarly societies, with over 120 publishers currently participating.

Notes:

Description: The database gives access to 1965 newspapers - on the day they are published, and 90 days retrospectively - from 87 countries in 42 languages. For the region East Asia and South East Asia these are 14 newspapers from China (11 in English, 3 in Chinese), 1 newspaper from Taiwan (The China Post), 7 newspapers from Hong Kong (6 in English, 1 in Chinese), 6 newspapers from Japan (4 in English, 2 in Japanese), 11 newspapers from South Korea (6 in English, 5 in Korean), 5 newspapers from Vietnam (3 in English, 1 in French, 1 in Vietnamese), 2 newspapers (only) in English from Cambodia, 14 from Thailand (11 in English, 2 in Tai, 1 in German), and 20 newspapers from Malaysia (10 in English, 6 in Malay, 4 in Chinese). The database may be searched by country, by language, or alphabetically by the newspapers title in the time ranges today, last 3 days, this week, this month, or anytime (which means the last 90 days).

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: Please note that this database will be integrated into the JapanKnowledge website from 1 October 2014! Fûzoku Gahô was the first illustrated journal in Japan published from 1889 until 1916. The database contains all 518 numbers of this journal as PDF. The articles can be searched by author, title of the article or number of the volume. There is no full-text search. The journal covers a wide range of subjects from the Edo, Meiji and Taishô period such as literature, customs, history, war, disasters, geography (local guide books) etc.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: This DVD database contains manuscripts and printed pre-modern books that belonged originally to the temple Zôfukuin on Mount Kôya and that are now held in the Kôyasan Daigaku Fuzoku Kôyasan Toshokan. The full set of the DVDs comprises 12 discs, but only disc No. 3 is licensed for CrossAsia. The contents of disc No. 3 are listed in the database, as well as in the PDF document under this LINK. Please note that this is an RDP terminal connection.

Cited Description: 　増福院文庫は、平成元年に高野山増福院住職・鷲峰本賢師より寄贈を受けた約数千点に上る貴重な聖教と古文書類のコレクションである。 　この文庫の特色は、保元３年（１１５８）の高山寺方便智院の蔵書印をもつ興然の写本『略念誦作法』、文治４年（１１８８）の『観自在三摩地釈　施食作法』の写本を始め、室町時代の快旻、仟遍、朝意の自筆本を含む国書総目録にも記載されていない貴重な資料を多く含んでいる。またこの中には、学侶方、増福院の学道系と行人方・日光院の神道系と聖方・明泉院、上珠院、誓願院、常住光院の壇越系資料とを多く含んでいる。この日光院系に、江戸時代に高野山の神道説を整理・統合した英仙とその法流を汲む弟子・鑁善（輝潭）のものに貴重なものが多い。さらに、『高野春秋』の著者・快英の書写本類、数十点に上る安流系聖教類も含まれる。 高野山大学附属高野山図書館

Notes:

Description: The database gives access to the following 21 historical newspapers: The Canton Times (1919-1920),
The China Critic (1939-1946),
China Monthly Review (1950-1953),
The China Press (1925-1938),
The China Weekly Review (1923-1950),
The Chinese Recorder (1912-1938),
The Chinese Recorder and Educational Review (1939-1941),
The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal (1868-1912),
The Chinese Repository (1832-1851),
Millard's China National Review (1919-1919),
Millard's Review of the Far East (1917-1919, 1919-1921),
The North - China Herald (1850-1867),
The North - China Herald and Market Report (1867-1869),
The North - China Herald and Supreme Court & Consular Gazette (1870-1941),
Peking Daily News (1914-1917),
Peking Gazette (1915-1917),
The Peking Leader (1918-1919),
The Shanghai Gazette (1919-1921),
The Shanghai Times (1914-1921),
The Weekly Review (1922-1923),
and, The Weekly Review of the Far East (1921-1922).
The database allows basic search, advanced search, and search for obituaries. It may be searched by 25 different document types like Article, Banner, Birth notice, and so on. The newspaper content is available for download in Full text PDF format.

Cited Description: This historical newspaper provides genealogists, researchers and scholars with online, easily-searchable first-hand accounts and unparalleled coverage of the politics, society and events of the time.

Notes:

Description: The licence includes the "Asian Studies E-Book Collections" of the publishing house Brill since the publication year 2013 and provides access to the archive including publication years 2007-2012. However the whole range of Brill e-book collections can be searched which might be helpful to locate other relevant titles. The Asian studies collections include a large variety of subjects and deal with various Asian countries. The titles can also be found via the general catalogue Stabikat and the xAsia search.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The China Monographic Series Full-text Database (CMSD) is a database for China Monographic Series published since 1979 regularly or irregularly by academic institutions in the PRC. By February 2013 the resource contained 327 kinds of such series and about 118,410 full-text articles. The database is updated on a daily basis. The interface is similar to those of the CAJ. CrossAsia currently has subscribed all the 10 Series databases: Mathematics/Physics/Mechanics/Astronomy; Chemistry/Metallurgy/Environment/Mine Industry; Architecture/Energy/Traffic/Electromechanics, etc; Agriculture; Medicine & Public Health; Literature/History/Philosophy; Politics/Military Affairs/Law; Education & Social Science; Electronic Technology & Information Science; Economics & Management.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The database 中國方志庫 (= Database of Chinese Local Records) contains 2.000 geographical works from Han dynasty to the Republican Era. Among them are comprehensive gazetteers like 全國地理總志 and 一統志, local gazetteers of different political levels like 省通志, 府州志 and 縣志, such of the genres of physical and political geography like 山川志, 都城志, 邊防志, and so on. The interface is similar to that of the Chinese Ancient Books (基本古籍庫) and Database of Chinese genealogy (中國譜牒庫) but is web-based. Digitized text and scanned imagesof the transcribed original are both provided and displayed in parallel. If you want to leave the database, please log out in the end using the upper right button.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The database 中國類書庫 contains 800 encyclopedias from Wei/Jin dynasty to the Republican Era of the two kinds 通類, and 專類. Among them are the works like《皇覽》,《古今圖書集成》, and 《永樂大典》. The interface is similar to that of the Chinese Ancient Books (基本古籍庫) and Database of Chinese genealogy (中國譜牒庫). Digitized text and scanned images of the transcribed original are both provided. If you want to leave the database, please log out in the end using the upper right button.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: Web OYA-bunko is a bibliographic database of Japanese journal articles. It consists of about 3.700.000 entries taken from more than 1400 journal titles since the publication year 1988. About 400 journal titles are currently still running publications. An additional 1.000.000 entries from before 1988 are searchable through the "mokuroku kensaku" (目録検索). Although the database also contains articles from the Meiji period (1868-1912) the focus is on contemporary data. For detailed information about the journals incorporated in the database please see the homepage of the provider. The database offers a simple and an advanced search. In addition a very detailed classification makes a precise topical search possible.

Important! Please end your session properly by using the provided "logout" button. To close the internet browser does not end the session and results in an unnecessary blockage of the access to this database.

Important! The delivery service link (複写申込書表示) provided in the database is not included in the licence. Articles ordered via this service have to be paid by each individual user. For obtaining the articles please use your nearby library or the order form of the Blue ILL.

Web OYA-bunko is based on the collection of periodicals owned by the critic and journalist Ôya Sôichi (1900-1970). His personal library was turned into a public library after his death. Originally a bibliographical index published as book and later as CD-ROM were used to catalogue the articles. The online follow up of the index is Web OYA-bunko.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: In June 2016 the database moved to a new web based platform, called CDMNext, with new functionalities such as data processing, analysis, transformation, and export. For the new fuctionalities, please consult the CDMNext Start Guide (PDF).
Registered users can install the CDMNext Excel add-in, which allows users to download series to Excel, apply formulas to them and refresh the data to get the latest update directly in Excel. The add-in can be downloaded from the "view and edit profile information" tab in the right upper corner, once logged in as registered user. For more information please consulte the CDMNext Add-in Start Guide (PDF).

Cited Description: CEIC Data’s Global Database contains over a million time series covering economies from the US and China to Vietnam, Bulgaria, and Chile. It covers key indicators such as GDP, GNP, FDI, and CPI as well as detailed, hard to find information on inflation, exports, and tourism. Built on the expertise of professionals on the ground in numerous emerging countries, CEIC Data offers users exclusive access to a knowledge store that will enable them to make only the smartest and most accurate assessments and decisions. The China Premium Database offers over 293,000 time-series records on macroeconomic, sector, industry and regional data dating back to 1949. The China Premium Database is available in both English and Chinese.

Notes: You need to separately register as a user with CEIC to access the database.

Description: Needs Financial Quest (NFQ) contains comprehensive data on Japanese companies. Please read this information before using the database! When using data from Nikkei Financial Quest in publications, please do not forget to give the source and copyright notice. The database provider gave the following information: Source: Nikkei NEEDS Copyright: Nikkei Europe and Nikkei Japan The database provider has supplied a user manual, the so called "NEEDS-FinancialQuest 2.0 Operation Guide". Please follow this LINK to obtain the PDF file. The database provider also emphasized to use the correct system setting (decimal setting) otherwise some of the output data can be faulty without the right setting. Please follow this LINK to obtain more information on the correct setting. When you start the database via CrossAsia probably several security advices will appear. Please ignore them and continue until the blue RDP window (remote desktop protocol) appears. Once the first window of the database with the diver appears, please wait a moment until the second window with the search screen appears. You will find the small login window on the upper right hand side. Please click on “Login” to start the database. Once the database has started, the words “corporate information” will appear in the left field. Please open this pull-down menu and select the segment you need. Please follow the instructions on the screen to conduct your search or read the information in the “help” section. You can download your search result as an excel file via the CrossAsia campus. When you click on “download” a new window appears with the excel file. Please click on “save” and a new window will open. Please choose “computer” (not: “desktop”), scroll down until you find “Netzwerkpfad”, there you can see your CrossAsia campus drive. Select your CrossAsia campus drive and save the excel file with any file name you like. After finishing your search you can download the excel file from your CrossAsia campus drive. Content: NFQ contains data back until 1970 of companies from the indexes Nikkei 225, 300 and 500. The data is based on the regular reports of the companies (Yuhô/Tanshin), as well as on interviews conducted by Nikkei. Single companies or whole industrial sectors can be compared. The whole database is provided in English.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: The English-language Japan Chronicle Weekly (1902–1940) is the newspaper of record for Japan’s engagement with modernity and its emergence, through war, political and social upheaval and seismic social change in East Asia, onto the world stage in the first half of the twentieth century. Founded and based in Kobe, a port city that saw enormous expansion during the Chronicle’s lifetime, and edited by representative figures in this treaty port, the Chronicle provides a unique perspective not only on the settler communities in Japan and East Asia but also to the historical development of East Asia as it happened. Historians of East Asia have long seen the Japan Chronicle as a uniquely valuable resource. This well-informed, controversial but always readable source of news and opinion on Japan and East Asia offers an intriguing and lively Japanese complement to the North-China Herald, available in the East Asia Archive Online since 2011.

Notes:

Description: The Chinese Students’ Monthly was the first magazine that was published by Chinese students in the United States from 1906 to 1931. It became the official organ of the enlarged Chinese student organization, counting many important and well-known figures amongst its contributors. The Monthly covered such important fields as education, as well as the social, industrial, agricultural, political, and economical areas which were of importance during this period.. The full-text database is searchable via the query mask "Search Primary Sources," above the explanations for the database. Search hits can be narrowed down by using the filter function on the left margin of the screen. Search words or text passages can be read on the scan of the original page. The respective search term is highlighted in colour. There is, however, no print function for single pages.

Cited Description: The Chinese Students’ Monthly is the first magazine published by Chinese students in the United States from 1906-1931. This publication became the official organ of the enlarged Chinese student organization: The Chinese Students’ Alliance in the U.S. Many important historical figures among Chinese students in the U.S.during the early 20th century, such as Sao-Ke Alfred Sze, Wellington Koo, Hu Shi, Chao Yuanren, Xie Bingxin, contributed their articles to this magazine. The magazine was a most influential publication among the Chinese students in the U.S. at that time. The overseas Chinese has been an emerging area of scholarly research. This magazine includes valuable information for scholars in this particular field. During its publication, the periodical discussed important movements in China during that period of time: education, social, industrial, agricultural, political, and economical, etc. In addition, the period (1906-1931) during which the magazine was published happened to be an important turning period for modern Chinese history. The Chinese Students' Monthly Online, a full-text searchable online product, makes this primary source available to scholars and interested readers on modern China. This online product is a result of collaboration between Cornell University Library and Brill. It is, to the best of our knowledge, the most comprehensive collection of the magazine so far. This online collection of The Chinese Students’ Monthly includes 25 volumes from Volume 2 to Volume 26 as we have not found any reference on Volume 1. In addition, we were not able to get a copy of Issue 8 in Volume 12, Issues 3, 4, 5 and 6 in Volume 17, Issues 7 and 8 in Volume 25 and Issues 2, 3, 4, 7, and 8 in Volume 26. If any individual or library has a copy of any of these issues, either on paper or microfilm or any format, please let us know so that we could make this collection more complete.

Notes:

Description: Collection of files held by The NationalArchives, Kew, the official archive of the United Kingdom. It containsdiplomatic correspondence, letters, reports, surveys, material from newspapers,statistical analyses, published pamphlets, ephemera, military papers, profilesof prominent individuals, maps and many other types of document. Full-textsearch is available across all documents. The collection is divided into the sixparts: 1919-1929:Kuomintang, CCP and the Third International 1930-1937:The Long March, civil war in China and the Manchurian Crisis 1938-1948:Open Door, Japanese war and the seeds of communist victory 1949-1956:The Communist revolution 1957-1966:The Great Leap Forward 1967-1980: TheCultural Revolution

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: Collection of archival material heldby different American institutions and libraries like the AmericanPhilosophical Society Library, Boston Athenæum, Bridgeman Art Library,California Historical Society, Hagley Museum and Library, MassachusettsHistorical Society, Hawaiian Historical Society etc. It contains materialrelated to the trading and cultural relationships that emerged between China,America and the Pacific region between the 18th and early 20th centuries like manuscriptsources, rare printed texts, visual images, objects and maps. The resource includesinteractive chronology, interactive map, merchant biographies and onlineexhibitions.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: Access to 3,3 million Chinese bibliographic entries and 2,4 million full text resources such as books, journal articles, conference papers and video clips. Duxiu covers Chinese publications from the early the 1930s to the present. There are two search modes in Duxiu: 1. 图书 which allows searches in the books metadata (title, author, abstract etc.) and chapter heading, and 2. 知识 which searches the full texts. Full text hits show a snippet of the text piece with the search term and allow access to a few pages of the title (阅读部分). The book titles under 图书 labeled with 包库全文 can be read in full online and you can order a download link. The link will be sent to your email inbox, the page number for each link is limited to 50 pages (following the same download logic as Chinamaxx). (note: of 图书 titles labeled with 馆藏纸本 the Berlin State Library owns a paper copy)

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The South China Morning Post (SCMP) 南华早报 is a newspaper in English from Hong Kong. It has a circulation of 104,000. It was founded by Tse Tsan-tai and Alfred Cunningham in 1903. The first edition was published on 6 November 1903.

Cited Description: This historical newspaper provides genealogists, researchers and scholars with online, easily-searchable first-hand accounts and unparalleled coverage of the politics, society and events of the time.

Notes:

Description: National Social Sciences Database was founded by the Library of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS). It includes over 1.000 titles of core academic journals in social science published in China. It is an open access database, however registration is required. CrossAsia as an institutional user provides access to the database, users therefore do not need to register individually.

Cited Description: 背景
“国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库”，简称“国家期刊库（NSSD）”是由全国哲学社会科学规划领导小组批准建设，中国社会科学院承建的国家级、开放型、公益性哲学社会科学信息平台，具体责任单位为中国社会科学院图书馆（调查与数据信息中心）。作为国家社会科学基金特别委托项目，于2012年3月正式启动，系统平台于2013年7月16日上线开通。
意义
国家期刊库旨在建设成为我国国内最大的公益性社会科学精品期刊数据库，最大的社会科学开放获取平台，实现学术资源的开放共享，为学术研究提供有力的基础条件，促进学术成果的社会传播，推动我国哲学社会科学繁荣发展、走向世界。
定位
公益、开放、协同、权威
目标
坚持正确的政治方向和学术导向，牢固树立精品意识，面向未来，建设成为综合性哲学社会科学信息平台。
资源
收录精品学术期刊1000多种，论文超过485万篇以及超过101万位学者、2.1万家研究机构相关信息。
国家社科基金重点资助期刊200种
中国社会科学院主管主办期刊80多种
三大评价体系（中国社会科学院、北京大学、南京大学）收录的500多种核心期刊
回溯到创刊号期刊500多种，最早回溯到1921年

Notes:

Description: The Japan Times Archives Online Edition is an internet based online newspaper article service created and provided by The Japan Times Ltd. It covers the entire publication period starting 22 March 1897 up until 31 December of the year before last year. Last years articles can be found in the archive of "The Japan Times Online" website and are moved into "The Japan Times Archives" all together usually once a year. The database consists of scans of the original newspaper pages, which have been OCR-processed. The full-text-search is based on the OCR results. Entire pages or self-chosen cuttings of articles can be printed.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The Japan Times Online is the online version of the Japan Times newspaper. The website offers a full-text-search and an archive function for the current and the last year. Earlier numbers have been moved to the Japan Times Archives website. Articles can be printed.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The Chinese Cultural Revolution Database consists of seven parts (Part I: CCP documents, directives, and bulletins concerning the Cultural Revolution, Part II: Mao Zedong's speeches, directives, and writings concerning the Cultural Revolution, Part III: Lin Biao's speeches, directives, and writings concerning the Cultural Revolution, Part IV: Speeches, instructions, and other writings by CCP leaders during the Cultural Revolution, Part V: Important newspaper and magazine editorials and articles concerning the Cultural Revolution, Part VI: Important documents of the Red Guards and the Mass Movement during the Cultural Revolution, and Part VII: Important documents of heterodox thoughts during the Cultural Revolution). It contains ten thousand primary sources on Chinese Cultural Revolution, arranged by category. You can browse by contents, subject categories and date, organization, and place. The database is also searchable in simplified and traditional Chinese by author, title, and full-text. There are three sub-datasets: - The Chinese Anti-Rightist Campaign Database, 1957 – (中国反右运动数据库，1957-) consisting also of seven parts (Part I: Official documents relevant to the Anti-Rightist Campaign, Part II: Pertinent remarks, instructions, and writings by Mao Zedong before, during,and after the Anti-Rightist Campaign, Part III: Remarks and instructions related to the Anti-Rightist Campaign by political and government leaders, Part IV: “Ming-Fang” remarks and important newspaper and journal editorials and articles around the time of Anti-Rightist Campaign, Part V: Important rightist remarks and writings, Part VI: News reports and critical writings relevant to the Anti-Rightist Campaign, Part VII: Rightist archives: Verdicts, self-criticisms, confessions, and rehabilitation notices, etc.). - Chinese Great Leap Forward and Great Famine Database,1958-1962 (中国大跃进-大饥荒数据库，1958-1962) and - The Database of the Chinese Political Campaigns in the1950s: From Land Reform to State-Private Partnership, 1949-1956 (中国五十年代初中期的政治运动数据库：从土地改革到公私合营，1949-1956)

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The database comprises the complete contents of the newspaper Taiwan Nichinichi Sinpou 《臺灣日日新報》 of the years1898-1944 as well as of its predecessor the Taiwan Shinpô 《臺灣新報》 of the years 1896 - 1897. The database is searchable by article titles and keywords, but not full-text. In order to increase the legibility 150.000 pages were rescanned. 3.500.000 article titles have been indexed. The Taiwan Nichinichi Sinpou 《臺灣日日新報》arose from the merger of the Taiwan Shinpô 《臺灣新報》 and Taiwan Nippô 《臺灣日報》 in 1898 under Japanese occupation. It was the highest-circulation newspaper and the most longlasting. The first issue had 6 pages, since November 1910 the newspaper had eight, six in Japanese and two in Chinese. Since July 1905 an independent Chinese issue existed under the title Kanbun Taiwan Nichinichi Shinpô (Hanwen Taiwan Riri Xinbao) 《漢文臺灣日日新報》, coming back to the original Japanese/Chinese layout in November 1911 and finally abandoning the Chinese pages in April 1937. The Taiwan Nichinichi Sinpou offers rich material for the study of the economic and social development of Taiwan under Japanese colonial rule.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: DBpia is a full text database that covers the fields of the humanities,social science, natural science, engineering, medical science, art &sports, etc. in Korean language. With its more than 1.900 journals, 2.000.000 articles, and 5.000 e-books DBpia is an easily accessible resource for Korean Studies.

Cited Description: DBpia is a prominent Online service of Korean academic journals, Conference Proceedings, professional journals, E-Books, WebDB and so on. All the contents of DBpia are preserving all the formats and features of the original printed books and journals.Therefore, users can make use of the same full-text and the detailed bibliographic information with the original books and journals. DBpia is servicing more than 1,900 kinds of journals including those of SCI-class, and more than 10 thousands of new articles are added and updated every month.

Notes:

Description: KRPia is a full text Korean database that focuses on e-books on history, literature, art,culture, philosophy, etc. It although provides access to translations of Korean classics, materials on traditional medicine etc.

Cited Description: KRpia is a name of our synthesized knowledge contents service that offers 266,371 theme indexes for 148 sorts of contents covering 10 categories, and as of April 2009 it is in continual expansion. Currently, we are offering various contents services including terminology dictionaries, historical records, biographical dictionaries, classical materials for Korean studies, professional research articles, original texts of literary works, multimedia resources of Korean culture and fine arts. In the knowledge & information society, Nurimedia has digitalized, built up into databases, and supplied the Koreanological contents, including the statute books, encyclopedia, classic works and authentic history such as Koryosa (ancient Korea History), Tripitaka Koreana, Samguk-Sagi/Samguk-Yusa (Histories of the Three Kingdoms), Balhaesa (History of Balhae Kingdom), Mokminsimseo, DaejeonHoitong, Jeungbomunheonbigo.

Notes:

Description: The airitiBooks plattform provides access to more than 6000 licensed ebooks from Taiwan in the field of humanities and social sciences. All licensed titles can also be found in the EAD electronic catalogue (crossasia.stabikat.de) under ebooks and in the CrossAsia search. Access via the airitiBooks plattform provides fulltext access to licensed ebooks and preview access for all other titles.The licensed ebooks can be read online or downloaded for offline reading (i.e. borrowing the book for seven days). For downloading it is necessary to register at Airiti and to install the ebook reader iRead eBooks for PCs (Windows) or mobile devices (iOS and Android). After registration check out the ebook, start the ebook reader and download the ebook.Please refer to the guides in Chinese and English (PDF).

Cited Description: undefined

Notes: undefined

Description: This Pishu database offers access to over three hundred Chinese blue, green, and yellow books, analytical reports on strategic issues. The 皮书数据库 has six sub databases: 中国社会发展数据库 (China social development database), 中国经济发展数据库 (China economic development database), 中国行业发展数据库 (China industrial sectors development database), 中国区域发展数据库 (China regional development database), 中国文化传媒数据库 (China culture and press database), and 世界经济与国际关系数据库 (World economy and international relations database). The database can be search via simple and advanced search. Searches can be performed on the fulltext or confined to head entries, authors and so on and further filtered. Individual titles can be browsed.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: This electronic edition of the Qing Veritable Records was conjointly produced by the First Historical Archive in Beijing and Shutong Digital. The quality of the selected originals and the typing is thus very high.
This version contains the eleven existing Qing Veritable Records from Qing Taizu 太祖 to Dezong 德宗 and moreover adds the Xuantong zhengji 宣統正紀 and the Manchu Veritable Records 滿洲實錄 (Manzhou shilu). The Manchu text is only available as image and not searchable; only the Chinese text running in the middle of each page of the Manzhou shilu is searchable as full text. < / br> A short history of the Shilu versions and a tabular overview of the included originals is given on the entry page to the Qing Shilu database. The fine-grained table of content allows to directly fo to a specific year and month of a reign. The paratexts with prefaces and editorial are not included in this electronic version. The alternative versions of the Qing shilu available in CrossAsia have them, but Erudition's MingQing shilu has them as images (without text) and Scripta sinica as full text (without images).
The usual features of Unihan databases are also available here, i.e.switch between image and full text (for which it is recommended toinstall the special Unihan font available at the Unihan site), the"looking glass" view, showing the original when moving over the fulltext and vice versa, and the access to a number of reference tools.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: All five editions of the Qing Collected Statutes 大清会典 are assembled in this database to allow for a more easy comparison between the statutes published under Kangxi (1690), Yongzheng (1732), Qianlong (1764), Jiaqing (1818) and Guangxu (1899). The Da Qing tong li 大清通礼 (大清通禮), Comprehensive Canon on Rituals of the Great Qing published 1757, is added as appendix.
The usual features of Unihan databases are also provided here, i.e. easy switching between image and full text (installing the special Unihan font is recommended), the "looking glass view" showing the original image inside the magnifying glass while moving over the full text and vice versa, access to a number of reference tools etc.

Cited Description: 第一部《大清會典》始修于康熙二十三年（1684）五月十二日，二十九年（1690）四月二十六日告成。全書十函八十册，其中首一册，正文七十九册一百六十二卷。
第二部《大清會典》始修于雍正五年（1727），十年（1732） 告成。全書十四函一百册，其中首一册，正文九十九册二百五十卷。
第三部《欽定大清會典》、《欽定大清會典則例》始修于乾隆十二年（1747），二十九年（1764）告成。其中《欽定大清會典》一百卷，《欽定大清會典則例》一百八十卷。
第四部《欽定大清會典》、《欽定大清會典事例》、《欽定大清會典圖》始修于嘉慶六年（1801），二十三年（1818）告成。其中《欽定大清會典》十函四十册，其中首册含正文卷一，合正文八十卷；《欽定大清會典事例》七十二函三百六十冊，首四冊，正文三百五十六册九百二十卷；《欽定大清會典圖》十函四十冊。其中首一册，正文三十九册一百三十二卷。
第五部《欽定大清會典》《欽定大清會典事例》《欽定大清會典圖》始修于光緒十二年（1886），二十五年（1899）告成。其中《欽定大清會典》六函三十六冊。其中卷首一册，正文三十五册一百卷；《欽定大清會典事例》六十四函三百八十四冊。其中首二册八卷，正文三百八十二册一千二百二十卷；《欽定大清會典圖》十二函七十三冊。其中首一册卷首一，正文七十二册二百七十卷。

Notes:

Description: The database Online Contents – SSG South Asia is a selection of bibliographic data from the Swets database Online Contents which is enlarged regularly by additional data provided by the Library of the South Asia Institute Heidelberg.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The database contains diaries, letters, reports, drawings, maps, papers of East India Company representatives and colonial officials etc. such as the correspondence between Henry Dundas and Marquis Wellesley or documents of the Madras-based company Arbuthnot & Co. The source material is from the National Library of Scotland in Edinburgh.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: Collection of files held by The National Archives, the official archive of the United Kingdom. It contains diplomatic correspondence, letters, reports, surveys, material from newspapers, statistical analyses, published pamphlets, ephemera, military papers, profiles of prominent individuals, maps and many other types of document. Full-text search is available across all documents. The collection comprises three sections: Independence, Partition and the Nehru Era, 1947-1964; South Asian Conflicts and Independence for Bangladesh, 1965-1971; Afghanistan and the Cold War, Emergency Rule in India, and the Resumption of Civilian Rule in Pakistan, 1972-1980

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: Korean Social Science Data Center Data Bank offers survey data and statistics. Depending on the survey, questionnaire, report paper, data set, and/or statistics can be downloaded. Thus the raw data can be used for further studies. With these services KSDC DB is a very valuable resource for Social Science Studies.

Cited Description: Korean Social Science Data Center (KSDC) was established in November 1997 to build a new system of managing comprehensive sources of social science data. KSDC, in this system, collects and manages (inter-)national survey data and statistics related to social science research in order to support students and scholars even who are not equipped well with statistical learning. KSDC collects, reprocesses, and archives reliable and objective survey data and national statistics in our database and provides them for social science research. KSDC is one of the members of the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), the largest data archive in the world. As the national member of ICPSR, KSDC facilitate making data available for other member institutions.

Notes:

Description: With over 5000 titles the 'Sequel to the Siku quanshu', is a worthy continuation of emperor Qianlong's library collecting (and censuring) project of the late 18th century. Following up on earlier ideas, the Xuxiu Siku quanshu project ran from the 1920ies on and had various aims. It planned to collect titles produced after the finishing of the Siku quanshu collection (SKQS) in 1782 and especially after 1840, to reproduce editions better and less corrupted than those included in the SKQS, to recover titles forbidden in Qianlong times or excluded because they belonged to the Daoist or Buddhis canon, and to include novels and other literary styles considered too lowly by the SKQS editors asf. But, of course, also the editorial team of the Xuxiu SKQS had their "standards" and excluded what they considered "meaningless and useless books" (空疏無用之書) like almanacs, genealogies, lists of officials etc. Nevertheless, the Xuxiu SKQS was much broader in scope and larger in size than any other existing collection of Chinese historcial books. It also benefitted from the libraries of important intellectuals of late Qing, early Republican times which catered to the project. In 1942 the project came to a full stop with over 30 thousand book abstracts written. In 1949 the drafts of these abstracts went into the possession of the library of the Chinese academy of science (中科院) in Beijing; finally in 1996 these abstracts were published in 37 volumes under the title 续修四库全书总目提要 (稿本); between 1995 and 2002 facsimiles of over 5213 titles of the Xuxiu SKQS were published in 1800 volumes by Shanghai guji chubanshe. The publishing of a fulltext database of all titles from the Shanghai edition (and 100 additional titles) can be considered another milestone for everyone working in one or the other way on historical China - following the milestones of SKQS fulltext database (http://erf.sbb.spk-berlin.de/han/SikuQuanshu) and the ten thousand titles of the Erudition database Chinese Ancient Books 基本古籍库 (http://erf.sbb.spk-berlin.de/han/AncientBook). The Xuxiu SKQS is one of three databases available via CrossAsia from the Diaolong 彫龍 database portal and allows browsing according to the sibu 四部 classes and searches in the fulltext, by author, title and confined to the commentary parts (附註) of texts. The fulltext can be easily compared with a scan of the original page and texts can be downloaded in txt format page by page. The "paper version" of the database can be accessed via the shelfmarks 5 B 30000-1/1800; the facsimile volumes of the abstracts (not included in the database) can be found under the shelfmarks 5 B 14451-1/37.

Cited Description: 数据所需容量：140GB收书数量：5313種。　　《续修四库全书》作为我国迄今为止最大型丛书《四库全书》的续编，是经国家新闻出版署和国家古籍整理出版规划小组批准的国家重点出版工程。这是继18世纪清朝编修《四库全书》后，又一次在全国范围内对中国古典文献进行大规模的清理与汇集。《续修四库全书》沿袭《四库全书》体例，按经、史、子、集四部分类，用绿、红、蓝、赭四色装饰封面，16开本、精装1800册，分经部260册，史部670册，子部370册，集部500册。它与《四库全书》配套，构筑起一座中华基本典籍的大型书库，中国古代即1911年以前的重要典籍，可大致荟萃于此。 　　《续修四库全书》总共收书5213种，比《四库全书》增加51%。在编纂、出版过程中，曾向国家图书馆、上海图书馆等82家藏书单位商借底本，每种入选图书，均选取最佳版本影印，其中大量的宋元刻本、名家稿本，为四库馆臣所未见。《续修四库全书》的收录范围包括，对《四库全书》成书前传世图书的补选，《四库全书》成书后著述的续选。 补选之书主要是 1.被《四库全书》遗漏、摒弃、禁毁，或列入“存目”而确有学术价值的图书； 2.《四库全书》已收而版本残劣，有善本足可替代的书籍； 3.四库馆臣对戏曲、小说持鄙视态度而未予收入的书籍。 续选之书主要是 1.清代中期的纪晓岚、戴震、翁方纲、彭元瑞、任大椿、孙希旦、王念孙、阮元等为代表的“干嘉学派”著作。 2.清代后期的魏源、龚自珍直至康有为、梁启超、章太炎等为代表的“新学”著作。 从海外访回而合于本书选录条件的古籍，以及新出土的整理成编的竹简帛书也酌予选收

Notes:

Description: The "Essentials of the Daoist Canon" counts as the main collection of Daoist texts after the Daozang. Its bibliographical history is rather complicated and subject to discussion. After a first version of the "Essentials" was compiled around 1700, in the 18th and 19th century several re-editions and addition were made to the set of texts until in 1906 He Longxiang 賀龍驤 and Peng Hanran 彭瀚然 published the 重刊道藏輯要 in Chengdu. The texts of the "Essentials" chiefly derive from Zhengtong Daozang 正統到藏 edition (1445) but it also contains some additional texts or other editions of Zhengtong texts. Specialists have called it an "indispensible source for research on Daoism in the Ming and Qing period" (see Monica Esposito's short presentation on the Daozang jiyao project page: http://www.daozangjiyao.org and Fabricio Pregadio's entry in the "The Encyclopedia of Taoism"). The 299 texts and scans currently available in the database are those of the 1906 printed version of the Daozang jiyao; for a catalogue of the titles see the East Asia catalogue (crossasia.stabikat.de, search for 道藏辑要 二仙庵藏重刊本) and also the catalogue of the collection compiled by Fabricia Pregadio and Monica Esposito (http://www.academia.edu/7110934/Catalogue_of_the_Daozang_Jiyao_道藏輯要目錄_). Fulltext search, search for book title, author, comments etc. are available; scans of the 1906 edition are provided; texts are downloadable page by page. The paper volumes of the "Essentials" have the shelfmarks 5 B 25951 to 5 B 25979; full text and scanned images of the Zhengtong Daozang can be found in the Scripta sinica database (http://erf.sbb.spk-berlin.de/han/ScriptaSinica/) under 子 > 宗教 (where also several other religious titles and collections are provided, incl. the Jiyao). The database is part of the Diaolong portal

Cited Description: 数据所需容量：6 GB收书数量：299种 (无后续扩充)　　 《道藏辑要》即清代对《正统道藏》进行节编，选录《正统道藏》之精要为《道藏辑要》，清光绪32年时又增补新出道经及道经书目为《道藏辑要续编》，即《重刊道藏辑要》。本数据库共收录道书299本，其内容多为明清时代新出之道书著作，是研究明清道教思想和历史的重要文献。 　　《道藏辑要》是继明代《正统道藏》及《万历续道藏》之后收书最多的道教丛书，亦是清朝最重要的道教丛书，同时也是研究明清道教不可或缺的数据源，因此有「全藏精华」的美誉。 　　《道藏辑要》采用了1906年贺龙骧氏编撰的四川成都二仙庵《重刊道藏辑要》版本。为此《道藏辑要》按二十八宿顺序排列，即角，亢、氐、房、心、尾、箕、斗、牛、女、虚、危、室、壁、奎、娄、胃、昴、毕、觜、参，井、鬼、柳、星、张、翼、轸。

Notes:

Description: The 清代史料 databases is part of the Diaolong 彫龍 database portal and contains the electronic versions of five different kinds of texts with currently 114 titles: - the eleven Qing Veritable Records 清實錄 from Qing Taizu 太祖 to Dezong 德宗, the Xuantong zhengji 宣統正紀 and the Manchu Veritable Records 滿洲實(Manzhou shilu). The Manchu text is only available as image and not searchable; only the Chinese text running in the middle of each page of the Manzhou shilu is searchable as full text. The basis for the digitized text and images presented is - as stated in the database info - the 清内府鈔本 version. Alternative versions of the Qing shilu available in CrossAsia are the Erudition's MingQing shilu and the version in Scripta sinica as full text (without images). The facsimile volumes of the 清實錄 can be found under the shelfmarks 4º 855846-1/60 (中华书局, 1985/87) via the East Asia catalogue (crossasia.stabikat.de). - the Qing Collected Statutes 大清会典 (五朝会典) in different editions for emperor Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing and Guangxu. Several faksimile versions of the 大清会典 can be accessed via the East Asia catalogue. An alternative version of the Da Qing huidian available in CrossAsia is the Unihan database 清会典 : 大清五部會典, Qing Collected Statutes. - the Guide to the Qing ranks and emoluments Da Qing jinshenquanshu 大清縉紳全書 based on different editions for the emperors Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi und Guangxu. A printed version of the 大清縉紳全書[光緒] is found under the shelfmark Libri sin. 1404 with its digitized version accessible under http://resolver.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/SBB0000A7B400000000 - the Guide to the Qing board of war 大清中樞備覽 in different editions for Yongzheng 雍正, Qianlong 乾隆, Daoguang 道光, Xianfeng 咸豐, Tongzhi 统治 und Guangxu 光绪, and the Qing Essentials for Governance 大清輔政要覽全書 for emperor Yongzheng in the 京都琉璃厰同陞閣 edition. etc. Fulltext search, search for book title, author, comments etc. are available. The fulltext can be easily compared with a scan of the original page and texts can be downloaded in txt format page by page.

Cited Description: 共包含《清实录》、《五朝会典》、《大清缙绅全书》、《大清辅政要览全书》、《大清中枢备览》、《皇帝御批》等珍贵学术史料。 《清实录》 涵括清代官修太祖至德宗的十一朝实录，以及后世补纂的宣统政纪，是中国历代官修的编年体史料长编。由于是原始资料，对于研究当时的人文史料具有相当高的学术价值。 实录最早见于南朝梁周兴嗣所撰梁皇帝实录。自唐以后，每一帝崩，继嗣者必敕史臣撰修其实录，沿为定制。至清末光绪朝，历代所修实录已达 116 部，可惜的是多数均已亡佚，完整保存至今的仅明清二代实录。 《清实录》包括清代官修的太祖至德宗的十一朝实录，以及后世补纂的宣统政纪，共计 4433 卷。其中太祖实录10 卷，太宗实录 65 卷，世祖实录 144 卷，圣祖实录300 卷，世宗实录 159 卷，仁宗实录374卷，宣宗实录476 卷，文宗实录 356 卷，穆宗实录 374 卷，德宗实录597 卷，宣统政纪 70 卷。 《清代五朝會典》 會典是記載封建朝廷的行政法規和一些事例的法典。《清代五朝會典》收錄了康煕・雍正・乾隆・嘉慶・光緒這五個朝代的會典。 康熙二十三年（1684年）首次下詔，仿照《大明會典》制定《大清會典》，歷經六年，完成《康熙會典》162卷。此後，又陸續編成《雍正會典》250卷、《乾隆會典》100卷、《嘉慶會典》80卷、《光緒會典》100卷。這五部《會典》統稱《大清會典》，也稱“五朝會典”。其內容結構是按照國家機構的設置、各級官吏的職掌及行政活動的準則等進行彙編的。其中康、雍兩代採取以官統事、會典與則例合編的體例，康熙、嘉慶、光緒三代，由於則例不斷增多，改爲會典與則例分編的形式，另有《乾隆會典則例》180卷、《嘉慶會典事例》920卷、《光緒會典則例》1220卷。《大清會典》繼承《唐六典》與《大明會典》的傳統，爲我們提供了研究清朝行政法律制度的豐富內容。 《大清缙绅全书》、《大清辅政要览全书》 《大清缙绅全书》详细记载清朝中后期从京畿到地方各省、各部门、各品级的官员的官职任选情况，可了解清代的官职设置和官员构成。 《大清中枢备览》则收录武职官员名册。中枢是兵部的别称，因武职官员由兵部铨选，故名。

Notes:

Description: The database contains the standard editions of the Chinese classics edited, punctuated, and published by Zhonghua Shuju, covering Confucian classics, history, philosophy, and literature, such as the Twenty-four histories 二十四史, Thirteen Classics 十三經 and so on. Currently the database contains 630 titles, and will be enlarged continuously. It is a full-text searchable database. One can switch between text and image (via a small green symbol in the text). Specialized search, dictionary and even annotation functions are provided. One can search with traditional and simple characters and even different character versions.

Cited Description: "Zhonghua Ancient Books Database" (Online Edition) is a large databaseof ancient books launched by Zhonghua Book Company (ZHBC). All the ancient books collected were proofread, collated and published by ZHBC...Apart from the text, it includes all the explanatory notes, commentaries, headnotes, proper nouns, etc. in ancieent books as well as the research results of modern scholars.

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: The Encyclopedia of Chinese Language and Linguistics offers asystematic and comprehensive overview of the languages of China and thedifferent ways in which they are and have been studied. It providesauthoritative treatment of all important aspects of the languages spoken in China, today and in the past, from many different angles, as well as the different linguistic traditions in which they have beeninvestigated. In more than 500 articles, written by major specialists in the field, the Encyclopedia offers a synthesis of the most importantresearch in Chinese linguistics and up-to-date bibliographical coverage. As such it is the prime reference source for information on: • the lexicon, syntax, and sound structure of the Sinitic and non-Sinitic languages of China, including sign languages • the history of languages in China and their situation today • the history of Chinese linguistics, both indigenous and Western traditions • the sociolinguistic situation, language contact, and language variation • psycho- and neurolinguistic studies on Chinese, including first language acquisition • and many other aspects of Chinese and Chinese linguistics (e.g.,Chinese in the diaspora, Chinese loanwords in other languages, historyof lexicography, language pedagogy, etc.).

Notes: Associate Editors: Wolfgang BEHR University of Zürich, Yueguo GU Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Zev HANDEL University of Washington, C.-T. James HUANG Harvard University and James MYERS National Chung Cheng University

Description:

Cited Description: Brill’s Encyclopedia of China Online is based on the originally a thousand-page reference work on China with a clear focus on the modern period from the mid-nineteenth century tothe 21st century. Written by the world’s top scholars, Brill’s Encyclopedia of China Online is the first place to look for reliable information on the history,geography, society, economy, politics, science, and culture of China.Originally published and warmly received in German (edited by the GIGAInstitute of Asian Studies in Hamburg, published by WBG, Darmstadt,2003), Brill’s Encyclopedia of China Online will serve bothEnglish-language students and faculty in conveniently providing a wealth of reliable and solid information on China. Brill’s Encyclopedia of China Online is also available in print, for more information visit http://www.brill.com/publications/reference-works/brills-encyclopedia-china. Features and Benefits: - Approx. 450 in-depth articles and approx. 850,000 words - More than 100 black and white and full color illustrations, full color maps, and tables - Bibliographies for further reading accompanying each article - Extensive glossary of Chinese personal names - Extensive indices

Notes: Managing Editor English Edition: Daniel Leese

Description: Please note that access to 日本文学Web図書館 through CrossAsia is a terminal connection (RDP, Remote Desktop Protocol). Java runtime 1.5 is needed! The 日本文学Web図書館 (Web Library of Japanese Literature) offers several titles pertaining to premodern Japanese literature in electronic form. Of the five segments that are available only the so-called 辞典ライブラリー (Web Library of Dictionary) was licensed for CrossAsia (as indicated by the remark 「ログインできます。」 ("Log in possible")). This segment contains the following two comprehensive dictionaries about premodern Japanese poetry: 和歌文学大辞典 / 『和歌文学大辞典』編集委員会編. -- 千葉 : 古典ライブラリー , 2014.12. -- 1339p. -- 別タイトル: Dictionary of waka poetry. 歌ことば歌枕大辞典 / 久保田淳, 馬場あき子編. -- 東京 : 角川書店 , 1999.5. -- 1031p. The extensive poetry collection 新編国歌大観（角川学芸出版） (Shinpen kokka taikan (Publisher Kadokawa Gakugei )) that is also part of the Web Library of JapaneseLiterature is available as separate database (platform based on JapanKnowledge ) through CrossAsia.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: More than 3500 titles of "all four classes" of literary production or erudite China were edited, collated and transcribed in this prestigious project of the Qianlong emperor (reg. 1735-1796). An army of 360 scholars worked over almost 10 years from 1773 until 1782 under the guidance of Ji Yun 紀昀 et al. Seven manuscript copies of the over 36 thousand volumes were produced,; four copies still exist today, with the one originally housed in the Forbidden city in the Wenyuange 文淵閣 being the most complete one. Whereas the declared aim was to prevent works from getting lost and to compile from numerous editions one more reliable and with less writing mistakes for the use of the emperor, an effect was also that everything that denigrates activities of the ruling Manchus or their past was eliminated from the texts. Nevertheless the Siku quanshu kept its position and esteem among scholars and researchers until today. The Diaolong Siku quanshu database is included into the Diaolong portal with several other voluminous ressources that can be searched at the same time and with a representation of text and scanned image that can be navigated comfortably by switching between the two. Download is confined to page by page text files.

Cited Description: 《四庫全書》是中國歷史上規模最大的一套叢書。清乾隆三十八年（1773年）開始編纂，歷時9年成書。整套書收錄了從先秦到清乾隆前期的眾多古籍，涵蓋了古代中國幾乎所有學術領域，以及收入和存目了西洋傳教士參與撰述的著作，包括從西洋傳入中國的數學、天文、儀器及機械等方面的著作。 《四庫》即《四部》之意，即將所收書籍分為經、史、子、集四大部，於部下分類，類下再分子目。 總計四庫全書共分為四部四十四類六十六子目，其分類情形大致如下： 經部：易、書、詩、禮、春秋、孝經、五經、四書、樂、小學。 史部：正史、編年、紀事本末、別史、雜史、詔令奏議、傳記、史鈔、載記、時令、地理、職官、政書、目錄、史評。 子部：儒家、兵家、法家、農家、醫家、天文算法、術數、藝術、譜錄、雜家、類書、小說、釋家、道家。 集部：楚辭、別集、總集、詩文評、詞曲。 四庫全書當時共鈔成正本七份，副本一份。原鈔四份，分藏於北方四閣，即文淵闊、文津閣、文源閣、文溯閣。續鈔的三份，分藏於南方三閣，即文宗閣、文匯閣、文瀾閣。其中文源閣、文宗閣、文匯閣之四庫毀於戰亂。文溯閣之四庫現保存於甘肅省圖書館，完好無損；文津閣之四庫，現存於北京圖書館，並由上海商務影印出版；文瀾閣之四庫，現存於浙江圖書館；文淵閣之四庫，現典藏於台北之國立故宮博物院，並於民國72年由台灣商務印書館影印發行。

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: Currently about 3300 academic Chinese titles published in recent years are available to CrossAsia users via the CNKI eBook portal. Subjects covered are Literature/History/Philosophy (哲学与人文科学), Politics/Military Affairs/Law (政治军事法律), Education & Social Sicences (教育与社会科学), Economics & Management (经济与管理科学), and Traditional Chinese Medicine (中医学与中药学). Titles can be browsed by subject or publisher and searched by title, author, abstract, table of content or full text. They can be previewed and read online, and downloaded as PDF (with searchable full text).

Notes:

Description: The database provides access to 38 key journals from the field of Asian studies, within the database marked with a rectangle in green, with content including years 2000 - 2019:
African and Asian Studies
Asian Journal of Social Science
Asian Medicine
Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy
Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law
Asiascape: Digital Asia
Bijdragen tot de Land-, Taal- en Volkenkunde
Brill Open Humanities - An International Journal
Brill Research Perspectives in China Law and Society
Brill Research Perspectives in Governance and Public Policy in China
Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics
Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale
Chinese Journal of Environmental Law
East Asian Publishing and Society
European Journal of East Asian Studies
Frontiers of Economics in China
Frontiers of History in China
Frontiers of Law in China
Frontiers of Literary Studies in China
Frontiers of Philosophy in China
Indo-Iranian Journal
Inner Asia
International Journal of Chinese Education
Journal of American-East Asian Relations
Journal of Chinese Humanities
Journal of Chinese Military History
Journal of Chinese Overseas
Journal of Religion in Japan
Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law
Ming Qing Yanjiu
NAN NÜ
New West Indian Guide
Review of Religion and Chinese Society
Rural China: An International Journal of History and Social Sciences
The China Nonprofit Review
The Chinese Journal of Global Governance
T'oung Pao
Wacana - Journal of Humanities of Indonesia
The journals are searchable in full text.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: The Center for Research Libraries (CRL) is an international consortiumof university, college, and independent research libraries. Founded in1949, CRL supports original research and inspired teaching in thehumanities, sciences, and social sciences by preserving and makingavailable to scholars a wealth of rare and uncommon primary sourcematerials from all world regions.CRL's deep and diverse collections are built by specialists and experts at the major U.S. and Canadianresearch universities, who work together to identify and preserve unique and uncommon documentation and evidence, and to ensure itslong-termintegrity and accessibility to researchers in the CRLcommunity. CRL is based in Chicago, Illinois, and is governed by a Board of Directors drawn from the library, research and higher education communities.

Notes:

Description: Collection of files held by The National Archives, the official archive of the United Kingdom. It contains diplomatic correspondence, letters, memoranda, annual reports, political summaries, maps, minutes of ministerial meetings, printed leaflets/booklets, printed extracts, economic summaries, speeches and many other types of document. Full-textsearch is available across all documents. The collection is divided into three parts: 1919-1930 Japan and Great Power status, 1931-1945 Japanese imperialism and the War in the Pacific, 1946-1952 occupation of Japan.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: Published, except for a wartime break 1941-45, from 1864 to 1950, the North China Daily News (in Chinese: Zilin Xibao), was the most influential foreign daily inEast Asia. It constitutes the key source for the history of Westerninterests in China for most of China’s so-called ‘century of nationalhumiliation’, ca.1839-1949, and of the transnational history of EastAsia. The North China Daily News printed about 70% more news than the weekly North China Herald, supplemented with detailed dispatches from the Outports, and around 40per cent more textual content and 70 per cent more pictorial andadvertising content. But the North China Daily News was far more than an expanded version of the North China Herald. Besides tracking key news developments and commercial news in Chinaand throughout East Asia, the social life of the foreign settlements isrichly illustrated, with copious classified ads and Personal and WantedNotices. The Wednesday Book Pages and the Cinema and entertainment pages are here in full. The Monday and Thursday Woman’s Page is a trove ofcontemporary fashion and family life. The photographs constitute avirtual Who’s Who of the settler communities. The full-colourillustrated North China Sunday News Magazines show foreign Chinaat its leisure. The Correspondence pages print the often heated concerns of the Daily’s estimated 20,000 repeat readers. Published here in full colour 300 ppi scans from original issues andgrayscale, this collection offers a greatly expanded run of the Dailyedition from 1869-1949, extensive and unique holdings of the Sunday Magazine and Special Supplements, a significant collection of the Municipal Gazette, organ of theShanghai Municipal Council from 1908-1940, and a rich selection of rarebooks and pamphlets from the imprint of the North China Daily News and its parent, the North-China Herald. Finally, for aficionados of “Sapajou”, legendary cartoonist of thislegendary newspaper, this collection offers a complete run of thetopical cartoons published during his tenure as lead cartoonist at the“Old Lady of the Bund”, 1923-1941.

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: Mobilizing East Asia offers a carefully selected collection of extremely rare, many times even unique English-language newspapers,magazines and pamphlets published inside Asia, following the descentinto war in East and South-East Asia from the turn of the twentiethcentury to the 1950s. This exciting collection of newspapers and illustrated magazines, oftenin colour, is now available online for the first time, exclusively fromBrill. The Collection offers access to unique primary source materialwhich can be used to pursue research topics in modern history, Asianstudies, politics and war studies. Features and Benefits: -- English-language newspapers and magazines published in East Asia - Approx. 100,000 pages of over 1,200 print items - All content fully searchable - Reproduced in 300 dpi full colour - Sourced from extremely rare, often even unique originals

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: This is the first Chinese-English dictionary devoted solely tothe premodern language. Being a practical lexicon of more than 8,000characters, arranged alphabetically by Pinyin romanization, it is meantto facilitate the reading and translating of historical, literary, andreligious texts dating from approximately 500 BCE to 1000 CE. Primarily a dictionary of individual characters (zidian字典) and the words they represent, in addition to single-graph entries itincludes an abundance of alliterative and echoic binomes (lianmianci連綿詞) as well as accurate identification of hundreds of plants, animals, and assorted technical terms in various fields. It is the English-language resource of choice for all those seekingassistance in reading texts dating from the Warring States periodthrough the Tang dynasty. The dictionary is compiled by Paul W. Kroll, Professor ofChinese at the University of Colorado, assisted by a small team ofscholars including William G. Boltz, David R. Knechtges, Y. Edmund Lien, Antje Richter, Matthias L. Richter, and Ding Xiang Warner. Previous Chinese-English dictionaries have persistently mixedtogether without clarification all eras and styles of Chinese. Butwritten Chinese in its 3,000 year history has changed and evolved evenmore than English has in its mere millennium, with classical andmedieval Chinese differing more from modern standard Chinese than thelanguage of Beowulf or even that of Chaucer differs from modern English. This dictionary takes the user straight into the language of early andmedieval texts, without the confusion of including meanings thatdeveloped only after 1000 CE. An added feature of the dictionary is itsidentification of meanings that were not developed and attached toindividual graphs until the medieval period (approximately 250-1000 CE), setting these off where possible from earlier usages of the samegraphs. The Student’s Dictionary of Classical and Medieval Chinese is along-desired advance in lexicography. Those who have, or are acquiring, a basic understanding of classical grammar, whether approaching thelanguage from a background either in modern Chinese or in Japanese, will find that it eases their labors appreciably and helps to solvecountless problems of interpretation. In offering English translationsof an unprecedented precision and richness, the dictionary will be ofparticular value to students and scholars with a mother tongue otherthan English. The dictionary has an index by “radical” and stroke number. Italso contains various appendices, including one with reign eras andexact accession dates of emperors given according to both Chinese andWestern calendars.

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: This digital resource allows students and researchers to access avast and remarkable collection of primary source documents from theIndia Office Records held by the British Library, the single mostimportant archive for the study of the East India Company. From the Company’s charter in 1600 to Indian independence in 1947, theEast India Companyresource tells the story of trade with the East, politics, and the rise and fall of the British Empire. It records the challenges of a globalising world and sheds light on many contrasting lives – from those of powerfulpolitical figures to ordinary people in Britain and Asia and theindividual traders who lived and worked at the edge of Empire. This incredible story is told through the manuscript records of theperiod, with over 1.2 million pages of content digitised. This ambitious project transforms the accessibility of these archival documents, withenhanced viewing and browsing tools allowing for easy navigation. This is simply an essential resource for scholarship of Britishimperial history, maritime trade, global commerce, and the history ofthe first great multinational corporation. The East India Company was established under a charter from QueenElizabeth I in 1600. Users of this resource can trace the Company'sfirst voyages east, its early attempts to trade in the Spice Islands(Indonesia), India and Japan, and Company men’s skirmishes with piratesand rival trading companies. By the mid-18th century, the Company had unprecedented powers toraise armies, purchase territories, mint currency and administercriminal justice to citizens of its dominions. It straddled the globewith its domination of international commodity networks, and generatednearly half of the world’s entire trade. In the 19th century, the Company had become deeply embroiled inscandals, diplomatic crises, uprisings and wars but had also come todominate the valuable trade in tea and opium with China. The IndianUprising of 1857 was the death knell for the Company, which was stripped of all its functions in 1858 and replaced by direct governance of India by the British Raj, which continueduntil independence in 1947. This resource presents new research opportunities for teachers andstudents of the history of exploration, international finance,transnational trade, commodities, early-modern warfare and diplomacy,and the interaction between European imperial powers and colonialelites. Topics covered include:Administrative and ecclesiastical appointmentsAgricultureCharters and the Company’s relationship to the English/British CrownCourts and legal affairs, including legislationDiplomacy, treaties and ambassadorial expeditionsFinance and debtThe machinery of governmentPay and pensions for Company servants and their familiesRailwaysTradeEarly voyages to Japan and the Spice Islands (Indonesia)Warfare and military mattersSince the vast majority of the material inEast India Companyis in manuscript and so not fully searchable, we have created twobrowsingtools – the chronology and the Government Structure Chart – tofacilitate ease of navigation of the volumes for users.

Notes:

Description: Asia and the West: Diplomacy and Cultural Exchange besteht aus 51 verschiedenen Sammlungen, die Materialien zu den Beziehungen zwischen den USA und Großbritannien und den ost- und südostasiatischen Ländern in der Zeit von der Mitte des 19. bis in die erste Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts bieten. Der Schwerpunkt liegt inhaltlich auf den diplomatischen Beziehungen, daneben gibt es aber auch Materialien zur Missionsgeschichte u.ä. Geographisch stehen China und Japan im Mittelpunkt des Angebots, bemerkenswert sind aber die zahlreichen Sammlungen zu Südostasien und auch Korea ist vertreten. Die hier versammelten Materialarten sind sehr heterogen, das mag ein Grund für die nicht immer gleichmäßig zuverlässige Texterkennung sein. Dadurch geraten die Suchergebnisse unterschiedlich gut, besondere Aufmerksamkeit ist bei der Suche in den in Frakturschrift gedruckten deutschsprachigen Missionszeitschriften geboten.

Cited Description: Nineteenth Century Collections Online: Asia and the West features a range of primary source collections related to international relations between Asian countries and the West during the nineteenth century. These invaluable documents -- many never before available --include government reports, diplomatic correspondence, periodicals,newspapers, treaties, trade agreements, NGO papers, and more, offering a look at the inner workings of international relations.This resource allows scholars to explore in detail the history of British and US foreign policy and diplomacy; Asian political, economic, and social affairs; the Philippine Insurrection; the Opium Wars; the Boxer Rebellion; missionary activity in Asia; and other topics. Asia and the West also includes personal letters and diaries, offering first-hand accounts and the human side of international politics, as well as nautical charts, maps, ledgers, company records, and expedition and survey reports from 1790 to 1949. Nineteenth Century Collections Online is the most ambitious electronic scholarly archive of its kind, providing full-text, fully searchable content from a wide range of primary sources. Selected with the guidance of an international team of expert advisors, these primary sources are invaluable for a wide range of academic disciplines and areas of study, providing never-before-possible research opportunities for one of the most studied historical periods. Archives published in the program include works in Western as well as non-Western languages and are sourced from rare collections at libraries and other institutions from around the globe. Each individual archive within Nineteenth Century Collections Online presents the raw materials scholars require for their research. Asia and the West: Diplomacy and Cultural Exchange is available on Gale's cutting-edge research platform. This state-of-the-art user experience was developed using our flexible Agile approach, incorporating user testing and feedback throughout the process to ensure that we are providing the features that scholars require --such as detailed subject indexing and metadata, textual analysis tools, personalized user accounts, and more -- for research in the digital age. Documents were sourced from the National Archives, Kew; the National Archives, United States; and other international collections and include: British Foreign Office: Japan Correspondence, 1856-1905 Dispatches from U.S. Consuls in Osaka and Hiogo (Kobe), Japan, 1868-1906 Dispatches from U.S. Consuls in Seoul, Korea, 1886-1906 Chinese Missionary Gleaner (1853-1859) History of the Philippine Insurrection Against the United States, 1899-1903, and Documents Relating to the War Department Project for Publishing of History, 1899-1903 Missionary Files: Methodist, Episcopal Church Missionary Correspondence, 1846-1912 (China, Japan, Korea) Notes from the Korean Legation in the United States to the Department of State, 1883-1906 Philippine Insurgent Records, 1896-1901, with Associated Records of the U.S. War Department, 1900-1906, 1896-1906, and much more.

Notes:

Description: Die Datenbank ist in drei Rubriken gegliedert: „Journal“,„Patent“ und „References“: Unter „Journal“ finden sich 32 nordkoreanische Zeitschriften aus den Bereichen Naturwissenschaften, Technik, Medizin und Agrarwissenschaften mit umfangreichen Archiven. Daneben gibt es die Rubriken „Patent“, die sich zum Teil noch im Aufbau befindet und Informationen zu Patenten enthält, und „Reference“ mit Nachschlagewerken zu Naturwissenschaft und Technik. NK Scholar istentstanden aus der Kooperation des südkoreanischen 과학기술정보통신부 (Ministry of Science and ICT), KISTI NKTECH und 남북학술교류협회.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: In Japan’s network of newspapers presenting the national case for expansion and leadership in Asia, the North China Standard (in Chinese, Huabei zheng bao) stands alongside the Japan Times & Mail as a real newspaper, distributing real news written by realjournalists. Derided as a propaganda rag when it first began publication in December 1919, the Standard read better, and investigated and reported better quality news to a steadily growing readership inpost-WW1 China and Japan. It was also a representative newspaper chosenfor international conferences and delivered gratis to all delegates. The North China Standard was founded in December 1919 by JohnRussell Kennedy (1861-1928), Anglo-Irish master architect of Japan’smodern propaganda programmes. Its most immediate functions, in the wakeof propaganda failures at the Paris Conference and the Treaty ofVersailles granting Japan continuing rights in Shandong Province, was to argue Japan’s claim to special rights and advisory powers in Chineseaffairs, to question the ability of the Chinese to govern China, and tomaintain British support for the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. Throughout the 1920s it served as one of Japan’s representative newspapers atinternational conferences, delivered gratis to all delegates. Sticking to Japan’s propaganda mission would have made for a dull read, and the Standard made a slow start under Satoh Kenri, (known as Henry), in 1919.However, the paper improved under the British journalist, John S. Willes in the 1920s. It took the gifted and imaginative Liverpudlian(1888-1956) George Gorman to turn the North China Standard around and make it into a real newspaper. Both Satoh and Gorman were seasonedpublicists in the cause of Japan. However, Gorman’s long experience inthis role convinced him that the best way to advance Japan’s cause wasthrough polemic and debate. Under Gorman, the North China Standard served Chinese and foreign readerships intelligently andconscientiously, making this title a valuable primary source forscholars of Japan and China.

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: 《道藏辑要》即清代对《正统道藏》进行节编，选录《正统道藏》之精要为《道藏辑要》，清光绪32年时又增补新出道经及道经书目为《道藏辑要续编》，即《重刊道藏辑要》。本数据库共收录道书299本，其内容多为明清时代新出之道书著作，是研究明清道教思想和历史的重要文献。 　　《道藏辑要》是继明代《正统道藏》及《万历续道藏》之后收书最多的道教丛书，亦是清朝最重要的道教丛书，同时也是研究明清道教不可或缺的数据源，因此有「全藏精华」的美誉。 　　《道藏辑要》采用了1906年贺龙骧氏编撰的四川成都二仙庵《重刊道藏辑要》版本。为此《道藏辑要》按二十八宿顺序排列，即角，亢、氐、房、心、尾、箕、斗、牛、女、虚、危、室、壁、奎、娄、胃、昴、毕、觜、参，井、鬼、柳、星、张、翼、轸。

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: 所谓“四部”，即按传统分类法，将所有的书分成经史子集四大门类，“丛刊”即今天通常所说的丛书。说得更直接一点，就是小型的《四库全书》。 　　《四部丛刊》是由著名学者、出版家张元济先生汇集多种中国古籍经典纂辑的。最大特色是讲究版本。纂辑者专选宋、元、明旧刊（间及清本者，则必取其精刻）及精校名抄本，故版本价值之高远在《四库全书》之上。其中包括： 《四部丛刊》初编 民国十一年（1922）上海商务印书馆再版景印本 《四部丛刊》续编 民国二十三年（1934）上海商务印书馆再版景印本 《四部丛刊》三编 民国二十五年（1936）上海商务印书馆初版景印本 　　《四部丛刊》从1919年开始出书，1922年印成，共收书323种（包括二十四史），共8548卷，1926年重印，加《初编》序次，称《四部丛刊初编》。1934年，又继续搜罗宋元明精刊本，印成《四部丛刊续编》，共收书81种（实际为75种），1438卷。1936年，又续出《四部丛刊三编》共收书71种，1091卷。正准备出版《四编》时，因抗日战争爆发而终止。

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: 《四部备要》，中华书局1920－1936年陆续编辑排印。依经、史、子、集四部分类，用丁氏仿宋活字排印，个别影印。这部丛书性质和《四部丛刊》相仿，但《四部丛刊》着眼于选择宋元明珍本影印，而《四部备要》则偏重于实用——选印较有代表性的校本、注本，可以说是学习和研究古代文献的常备书籍。

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: 《古今图书集成》为我国最大的类书，也是我国古文献的百科全书，初稿于清朝康熙四十五年完成，雍正三年定稿，搜集了上古到明清初「天文地理、政治经济、军事法律、哲学伦理、教育科学、等资料。全书分为：八百册、一万卷、五十多万页、一亿七千多万字，内容分为：六大「汇编」、三十二「典」、六一一七「部」。数据重新整理编排为25,151卷，全文依照原件式样输入，为利于阅读，每一卷的目录重新拆解、编排以阶梯式结构呈现并对应全文，整部类书中共有35,784个特殊文字，以Unicode或小图示表达，另外增加收录了考证及续编初稿等数据；整部类书内容极为完整且层次分明易于阅读。

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: 敦煌史料是1900年发现于甘肃省敦煌县鸣沙山莫高窟17号洞窟的秘藏经室。数万件手写卷轴和刻印典籍以及绘画、雕塑等等的发现迅速地推进了中国和中亚地区古代社会的政治、经济、法律、宗教、语言、文学、科技、艺术和风俗等各学科的研究，填补了一些迷失以久的学术环节。具有保存文献数据及提供学术研究的重要价值。敦煌史料中除了汉文文献外，还有大量的其他民族文字的文献写本。而少数民族文献中藏文文献的数量最多，内容也十分丰富。种类包含有佛教经典、历史著作、契约文书、政事文书、法律条文、占卜、传说故事等文献。如果没有敦煌文献的发现，许多例如吐蕃王朝的历史及其文化，将是一个难解之谜。 　　大部分敦煌史料被伯希和（Paul Pelliot）、斯坦因(Marc Aurel Stein)等人运往海外，分藏于法国、英国等国，也是敦煌文献中的精华，最有研究价值。法国国家图书馆藏敦煌藏文文献属于伯希和藏品。 　　雕龙敦煌史料主要广搜俄藏、英藏、法藏、北京国家图书馆藏、北京大学图书馆藏、敦煌博物馆藏、敦煌研究所藏、天津艺术博物馆藏敦煌文献等来自不同国家地区所藏的文献。除保存大量敦煌史料，更为敦煌学研究之珍贵史料，具有保存文献资料及提供学术研究的重要价值。

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: 中国地方志，是根据中国不同省份及主要区域，区分为 31个子库，按一定体例记载分时各区的自然、社会、政经、文化等方面的书籍文献，收录地方志之刊本时间，起于宋元迄于民国初期。其内容不仅包括各地区的疆域、气候、山川、物产等地理资料，也涵盖人文历史各方面的记载，如户口、人物、赋税、艺文等，是综合反映一个国家或地区自然与人文历史与现状发展状况的百科式要述。据1976年统计，我国现存的地方志即达8000多种，约12万卷。 目前雕龙数字化并可全文检索的地方志达到4000多种，并且每年以500至600种的扩充速度在进行数字化。

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: 中国地方志，是根据中国不同省份及主要区域，区分为 31个子库，按一定体例记载分时各区的自然、社会、政经、文化等方面的书籍文献，收录地方志之刊本时间，起于宋元迄于民国初期。其内容不仅包括各地区的疆域、气候、山川、物产等地理资料，也涵盖人文历史各方面的记载，如户口、人物、赋税、艺文等，是综合反映一个国家或地区自然与人文历史与现状发展状况的百科式要述。据1976年统计，我国现存的地方志即达8000多种，约12万卷。 目前雕龙数字化并可全文检索的地方志达到4000多种，并且每年以500至600种的扩充速度在进行数字化。

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: 日本的文化和中国的文化息息相关，日本大文人夏目漱石也是著名的汉文学家，所以日本文学的点点滴滴无所不在地包含着汉文学。《日本古典书籍库》主要是由《六国史》、《本朝文粹注释》、《倭名类聚钞》、《新撰字镜》、《国史大系》、《国史大系续》、《赖山阳全书》和《日本汉诗》组成。其中日本最古的史书《六国史》就是模拟史记，汉书来写的。所以把日本古籍数字化对衬托中国古籍有着重要的意义。而《本朝文粹注释》又是模仿中国《文选》格式的诗歌文集，数字化日本古籍对研究日本文化根源有着重要的意义。《倭名类聚抄》、《新撰字镜》，这类资料在国内极其稀见，然而对于古汉语、古文献、古代史等领域的研究却十分重要。 所以可以说《日本古典书籍库》即增添了日本古籍数字化的光彩，也弥补了国内这方面资料的空缺。

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: 《六府文藏》是一個超大型的古籍全文書籍檢索庫。其名稱源自《四庫全書》。四庫是四個倉庫的意思，六府也是六個倉庫的意思。我們在四庫的基礎上又加了兩個倉庫，所以叫六府。其六府分類即為經、史、子、集、叢和金石。 　　《六府文藏》是雕龍資料庫的重要組成部分，由中日台古籍方面的專家聯手打造，因此在選書和收書上精心挑選。特別是日本的各大圖書館、大學保存著非常多的中國的古籍珍本和孤本，其中最為重要的是東洋文庫、靜嘉堂文庫、大阪大學的懷仁堂等，這些都是古籍數位化的處女地。六府文藏的很多版本都是出自於此。填補了奇缺版本的空缺。預備在兩年內收書15000種。

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description:
新編国歌大観 Shinpen Kokka Taikan

A basic source for Japanese literature research, this comprehensive digital version of the Encyclopedia of Japanese Waka Poetry [New Edition] is available now! Originally compiled as an index of old poems, since the Meiji period the Encyclopedia of Japanese Waka Poetry has been the desk companion that has made contributions to the work of countless researchers. While inheriting the same objectives, this completely re-edited and definitive dictionary has undergone a thorough review of the contents, and incorporates the achievements of a great accumulation of new research.
The approximately 450,000 poems from 1,162 anthologies contained in the dictionary include imperial anthologies, personal anthologies, private family anthologies, and anthologies from poetry contests. Moreover, the original text of each poetic work adopts the most reliable from among the popularized volumes. Top-class researchers were also engaged to prepare the main text of the dictionary in a most rigorous fashion. At the time of its publication, the dictionary was esteemed as the long-awaited arrival of a comprehensive collection of waka literature.
Two advanced search functions have been prepared for the JapanKnowledge version, a vocabulary search and a next/previous phrase search. The vocabulary search can be conducted by defining various parameters, such as "anthology," "waka poem" or "full text," and it is possible to search for data by narrowing the search down to any of the 1,162 anthologies, or a specific type of anthology, historical period, and so on. It is also possible to display research results sorted by "ascending/descending order of Vol. or No. of Poem," "Year of compilation" or "ascending /descending order of the hiragana reading of the first phrase."
The next/previous phrase search, while freely sorting the phrases before and after the search term, enables the user to view each phrase in order. In addition to the same facets available for narrowing down searches as in the vocabulary search, the position of a phrase can also be designated. This enables a clear understanding of where a certain waka is used or how phrases are connected.

角川古語大辞典 Kadokawa Kogo Daijiten

This is the digital version of the epoch-making Kadokawa Kogo Daijiten (The Great Dictionary of Archaic Japanese) (in five volumes). It was published after more than 20 years of painstaking and meticulous editorial work, and thus represents the summit of ancient Japanese dictionaries, opening the way for truly precise comprehension of classical Japanese literature.
The largest of its kind among all existing ancient Japanese dictionaries, Kadokawa Kogo Daijiten contains a rich collection of approximately 100,000 headwords, covering historical classical and colloquial terms. The dictionary incorporates the latest research achievements at the time of publication, in particular for the middle ages and early modern age, for which a large number of words including legal terms, economic terms, popular terms and jargon have been selected. Formerly considered to be outside the scope of ancient Japanese dictionaries, this dictionary also endeavors to cover proper nouns, such as personal and place names, with encyclopedic commentaries as well as examples of usage and sources.
Having passed through editorial committees consisting of authorities in the field, this is at present the utmost that one could wish for from a dictionary of ancient Japanese in terms of content on the origins and history of Japanese, detailed commentaries on the evolution of words and pertinent examples of usage.
In the JapanKnowledge version, while it is, of course, possible to conduct searches in the historical kana used to display the dictionary headwords as well as in the pronunciations equivalent to these spellings (modern kana readings), search convenience has also been enhanced by the addition, for example, of search keys for contracted sounds, double consonants and voiced or unvoiced consonants. In addition to headword search and whole-text search, it is possible to conduct searches from various viewpoints, such as limiting the scope of the search only to historical kana usages or designating example sentences or source information in advanced searches. Furthermore, use of the four facet functions available for advanced searches, makes it possible to narrow down search results for instantaneous extraction of the desired entries.

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: Produced in conjunction with the National Library of China, East View’s China Comprehensive Gazetteers database presents a vast collection of Chineselocal gazetteers spanning eight centuries 1229-1949. With approximately 7,000 titles (100,000 volumes) presented to date, CCG is perhaps therichest single resource available for researching China in multipleaspects, including its political history, literature, and religion, aswell as the biographies of famous personages, its culture, economicdevelopment and, of course, its geography and natural history.

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: A varied array of records of traders, travellers, missionaries anddiplomats, from the mid-seventeenth century to the late twentiethcentury, offering Western perspectives on all aspects of Chinese culture and society. Highlights include: British government records covering economic development in China and its neighbours, 1950-1980 Correspondence from the Macartney Embassy, the first British diplomatic mission to China, 1892-94 The diaries, notebooks and published writings of Rewi Alley(1897-1987), New Zealand educator and industrial organiser in communistChina

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: A wide range of sources, by writers, diplomats, tourists,businessmen, missionaries and others, documenting the political,cultural and social history of Japan from 1400 to the 20th century.Highlights include:Medieval manuscripts relating to Japan, including an account by Marco Polo The logbook of William Adams (1564-1620), alias Miura Anjin, the first Englishman known to have visited Japan The journals, printed articles and other papers of William ElliotGriffis (1843-1928), American author, teacher and educational reformerin Japan

Notes:

Description: Scholar is a full-text database that provides articles from the humanities, social sciences, economics, and science.

Cited Description: undefined

Notes: Scholar ist ein Zusammenschluss der Datenbanken New Nonmun and Kyobo Scholar

Description:

Cited Description: Spanning three centuries (c1750-1929), this resource makes available for the first time extremely rare pamphlets from Cornell University Library’s Charles W. Wason Collection on East Asia. The resource is full-text searchable, allowing for the collection to be comprehensively explored and studied. In addition, China: Culture and Society features a host of secondary resources, including scholarly essays, an interactive chronology, mini guides, and editors’ choices from the collection. The core of China: Culture and Society is the pamphlets held in the Charles W. Wason Collection on East Asia housed in the Carl A. Kroch Library of Cornell University. Mostly in English and published between c. 1750 and 1929, and amounting to around 1,200 items in 220 bound volumes, these rare pamphlets form part of one of the deepest and most extensive collections of literature on China and the Chinese in the Western world and constitute a rich resource for scholars and teachers in numerous disciplines. The pamphlets have all been digitised in colour and are full-text searchable. Many are illustrated and feature lavish cover art. Types of material in the collection include: Addresses and speeches Annual reports, Assessments, Catalogues, Essays, Examinations, Guides and manuals, Inquiries and studies, Journals, Lecture notes, Letters, Magazine articles, Minutes of meetings, Notes and records

Notes:

Description: The resource contains the following English-language periodicals published in and about China between 1817 and 1949:
Bulletin of Catholic University of Peking
The Canton Miscellany
The China Critic
The China Mission Year Book
The China Quarterly
The China Review, or Notes and Queries on the Far East
The China Year Book
The Chinese And Japanese Repository
Chinese Miscellany
The Chinese Recorder
Educational Review
The Indo - Chinese Gleaner
New China Review
Notes And Queries : On China And Japan
T'ien Hsia Monthly
West China Missionary News
Yenching Journal of Social Studies

Cited Description: China and the Modern World: Missionary, Sinology, and Literary Periodicals is a collection of 17 English-language periodicals published in or about China during a period of over 130 years, extending from 1817 until the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. This corresponds to the periods of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republican Era (1911–1949), when China experienced the radical and often traumatic transformation from an inward-looking imperial dynasty into a globally engaged republic. This resource features a significant collection of articles and photos on the founding and development of Christian higher education in China, including the establishment and growth into prominence of such institutions as Yenching University, the University of Nanking, Ginling College, Shandong Christian University, Soochow University, St. John’s University, Shanghai Baptist College, and the Canton Christian College.

Notes:

Description: PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE USING THE DATABASE: Please note that access to Fujin kôron through CrossAsia is a terminal connection (RDP, Remote Desktop Protocol). Please use the Internet Explorer or Safari as RDP requires Java. Due to technical problems the keyword search (フリーワード検索) does not work. An attempt to search with keywords leads to a failure and terminates the connection. Only browsing of the individual issues via the list of contents (巻・号・目次一覧) is possible. We apologize for the inconvenience. Fujin kôron is a monthly women's magazine published by the publishing company Chûô Kôronsha (中央公論社) that dealt from the first issue onward with women's rights and women's issues in a progressive way. However many other topics such as society, literature, culture are also dealt with. This DVD version compiled by Rinsen Shoten (臨川書店) contains the following contents: 第1回配本 大正5年1月～昭和7年12月／1号（1巻1号）～208号（17巻12号） 第2回配本 昭和8年1月～昭和19年3月 ／ 209号（18巻1号）～346号（29巻3号） Part 1 January 1916 - December 1932 / No. 1 (Vol. 1 No. 1) - No. 208 (Vol. 17 No. 12) Part 2 January 1933 - March 1944 / No. 209 (Vol. 18 No. 1) - No. 346 (Vol. 29 No. 3) All 346 issues from the first number until the last number published before the war (about 136.000 pages) including all title pages and frontispiece (kuchi'e, about 540) in colour.

Cited Description: 女性の解放と自我の確立を求める時代の声を捉え、『中央公論』は大正2年（1913）「閨秀十五名家一人一題」「婦人問題」特集を企画し、大いに衆目を集めた。これが、2006年に創刊90周年を迎えた長寿雑誌『婦人公論』誕生（大正5年）の端緒である。自由主義の旗印のもと女権の拡張を目ざし、通巻して恋愛・結婚・職業・家庭・教育等の婦人をとりまく諸問題を取り上げ、政治・経済・国際情勢等の時事問題にも女性解放の観点から取り組んで主に知識層婦人の支持を受けた本誌は、実用記事が多かった同時代の数多の婦人雑誌の中でひときわ異彩を放っている。近代女性史のみならず広く社会学・文学・文化史・風俗史等における基礎資料である本誌の創刊号から戦前終刊号までを画像データでデジタル化、検索用データベースを付しDVD-ROM版に収録する。

Notes:

Description: PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE USING THE DATABASE: Please note that access to Fujin gahô through CrossAsia is a terminal connection (RDP, Remote Desktop Protocol). Please use Internet Explorer or Safari as RDP requires Java. Due to technical problems the keyword search (フリーワード検索) does not work. An attempt to search with keywords leads to a failure and terminates the connection. Only browsing of the individual issues via the list of contents (巻・号・目次一覧) is possible. We apologize for the inconvenience. The contents of Fujin gahô are divided in two sets (DVDs 1-4 and 5-8). However the full list of all issues is displayed in the menu. You can switch between the two sets via an extra window provided by the RDP framework. The database tells you, if it is necessary to switch the DVD set. For details about the contents of the two DVD sets, please see below. As the title indicates Fujin gahô is an illustrated monthly women's magazine covering many topics such as fashion, culture, literature, but also women's rights. The DVD version compiled by Rinsen Shoten (臨川書店) contains all 500 issues from the first number until the last number published before the war. Contents in detail: DVDs 1, 2, 3, 4 明治・大正期 （創刊号～255号） 婦人畫報（近事畫報社）：１巻１号（明治38年7月発行）～３年６号（明治40年6月発行） 東洋婦人畫報（東京社）：１号（明治40年8月発行）～24号（明治42年3月発行） 婦人畫報（東京社）：25号（明治42年4月）～255号（大正15年12月発行） Meiji/Taishô period (No. 1 - No. 255) Fujin gahô (Kinji Gahôsha): Vol. 1 No. 1 (published July 1905) - Year 3 No. 6 (published June 1907) Tôyô fujin gahô (Tôkyôsha): No. 1 (published August 1907) - No. 24 (published March 1909) Fujin gahô (Tôkyôsha): No. 25 (published April 1909) - No. 255 (published December 1926) DVDs 5, 6, 7, 8 昭和期 （256号～482号（戦前終刊号）） 婦人畫報（東京社）：256号（大正16（昭和２）年1月）～482号（昭和19年4月1日発行） Shôwa period (No. 256 - No. 482) Fujin gahô (Tôkyôsha): No. 256 (January 1927) - No. 482 (1st April 1944)

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description:

Cited Description: China and the Modern World: Records of the Maritime Customs Service of China 1854-1949 provides an excellent primary source collection for the study of Chinaand its relations with the West in the late Qing and Republican periods. The records included in this collection - official correspondence,despatches, reports, memoranda, and private and confidential letters -constitute invaluable and often unique evidence of Chinese life, theeconomy and politics through the Taiping Rebellion, the Boxer Rebellion, the Revolution of 1911, the May 30 Movement, the two Sino-JapaneseWars, and the Chinese Civil War. The Maritime Customs Service of China (MCS) was an international,although predominantly British-staffed bureaucracy (at senior levels)under the control of successive Chinese central governments from itsfounding in 1854 until January 1950. It was one of the most importantinstitutions in China during this period, and was at the heart ofChinese trade, communications and international affairs. It was also the only bureaucracy in modern China which functioned uninterruptedthroughout all the upheavals between 1854 and the founding of thePeople's Republic of China in 1949. The records of the Maritime Customs Service of China are inmanuscript form (scanned from microfilm) and are arranged into thesections listed below.Collections in this Archive Inspector General's Circulars London Office Files The Policing of Trade Semi-Official Correspondence from Selected Ports The Sino-Japanese War and its Aftermath, 1931-1949

Notes:

Description: The database 中華再造善本„China Rare Book Reprinted Collection“ contains in the five divisions 唐宋編,金元編, 明代編,清代編and 少數民族文字編 1.341 facsimiles of first-class unique rare books from the collections of the National Library of China and of other libraries and museums in China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. These facsimiles were first published as print versions in two series since 2002. The Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin owns the first series. The database offers in its advanced search the option to search for different editions of one and the same text, and possession stamps respectively. The database offers images only.

Cited Description:

Notes:

Description: The database 民國圖書數據庫 Early Twentieth Century Book in China, 1912-1949 is a subdatabase of 中國歷史文獻總庫. It exists since 2012, is continually expanded, and contains meanwhile 180.000 titles. Images and full-text search are offered.

Cited Description:

Notes: